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. 2023 Jan 24;137(2):163–180. doi: 10.1042/CS20220525

Figure 3. Increase in the mRNA level of inflammatory cytokine expression by CSE.

Figure 3

(A) Time schedule for CSE treatment. (B) Cells treated with CSE as described in the text. Quantification of mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1α, MCP-1, and IFN-β was performed real-time PCR. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with control (n=4). ††P<0.01 single vs continuous (n=4 or 5). Abbreviations: IFN-β, interferon β; IL-1α, interleukin-1 α; IL-6, interleukin-6; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.