Table 2.
Pooled Hedge's g effect sizes for RNT outcomes in each subgroup
| Number of studies | Hedge's g (95% CI) | p value | Heterogeneity (I2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroups | ||||
| RNT v non-RNT | ||||
| RNT focused interventions | 17 | −0.50 (−0.78 to −0.22) | 0.06 | 84.81 |
| Non-RNT focused interventions | 9 | −0.52 (−0.87 to −0.17) | 82.07 | |
| Content v process | ||||
| Content focused intervention | 14 | −0.13 (−0.28 to 0.01) | 0.01 | 38.28 |
| Process focused intervention | 10 | −0.85 (−1.29 to −0.41) | 89.45 | |
| Intervention format | ||||
| Group | 4 | −1.35 (−2.29 to −0.41) | 0.02 | 95.16 |
| Individual | 5 | −0.56 (−1.11 to −0.01) | 81.08 | |
| Digital or self-guided | 16 | −0.24 (−0.44 to −0.04) | 72.12 | |
| Number of sessions | ||||
| Less than 8 sessions | 16 | −0.58 (−0.89 to −0.27) | 0.12 | 86.80 |
| More than 8 sessions | 4 | −0.06 (−0.45 to 0.33) | 76.14 | |
| Continuous | 4 | −0.35 (−0.70 to 0.01) | 64.46 | |
| Clinical group | ||||
| Elevated depression and/or anxiety | 18 | −0.31 (−0.52 to −0.10) | 0.30 | 78.99 |
| Clinical depression | 2 | −1.53 (−4.67 to 1.61) | 98.23 | |
| Clinical anxiety | 4 | −0.64 (−1.07 to −0.21) | 57.31 | |
| Sample age | ||||
| Younger than 18 years | 9 | −0.27 (−0.58 to 0.04) | 0.20 | 84.97 |
| 18 years or older | 15 | −0.56 (−0.88 to −0.24) | 84.32 | |
| Recruitment context | ||||
| Community | 4 | −0.30 (−0.60 to 0.00) | 0.42 | 66.48 |
| University/school | 9 | −0.47 (−0.75 to −0.19) | 87.14 | |
| Clinical setting | 1 | −0.93 (−1.73 to −0.14) | 0 | |
| Study quality | ||||
| Low quality | 7 | −0.39 (−0.54 to −0.25) | 0.49 | 90.82 |
| High quality | 17 | −0.39 (−0.63 to −0.15 | 81.20 | |