TABLE 3.
Cross-sectional multiple regression analyses for Internet addiction.
| Model | Predictors | Young’s Internet addiction test Wave 1 | Young’s Internet addiction test Wave 2 | ||||||||
| β | SE | t | R 2 | F | β | SE | t | R 2 | F | ||
| 1 | Age (year) | 1.00 | 0.13 | 7.91** | 0.145 | 112.4 | 1.24 | 0.13 | 9.59** | 0.16 | 125.8 |
| Sexa | -3.71 | 0.33 | -11.09** | -3.48 | 0.34 | -10.12** | |||||
| Gradeb | 6.87 | 0.57 | 12.13** | 6.90 | 0.58 | 11.87** | |||||
| Residencec | 0.81 | 0.36 | 2.25* | 1.66 | 0.37 | 4.50** | |||||
| Father’s age (year) | -0.02 | 0.05 | -0.37 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 1.94 | |||||
| Mother’s age (year) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.02 | -0.10 | 0.05 | -1.83 | |||||
| Father’s highest educational leveld | -0.22 | 0.19 | -1.18 | -0.27 | 0.19 | -1.40 | |||||
| Mother’s highest educational leveld | -0.33 | 0.19 | -1.78 | -0.35 | 0.19 | -1.81 | |||||
| Number of siblingse | -0.04 | 0.37 | -0.11 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 1.15 | |||||
| Family monthly incomef | 0.61 | 0.35 | 1.74 | 0.77 | 0.36 | 2.14* | |||||
| 2 | PYD attributes | ||||||||||
| Cognitive-behavioral competence | -4.71 | 0.22 | -21.43** | 0.20 | 328.7 | -5.47 | 0.21 | -26.50** | 0.24 | 344.5 | |
| Prosocial attributes | -3.73 | 0.20 | -18.34** | 0.18 | 300.0 | -4.60 | 0.20 | -23.51** | 0.22 | 314.9 | |
| Positive identity | -3.67 | 0.18 | -20.46** | 0.19 | 319.1 | -4.90 | 0.17 | -28.20** | 0.25 | 362.9 | |
| General PYD | -6.12 | 0.23 | -26.60** | 0.23 | 386.6 | -6.72 | 0.21 | -31.41** | 0.27 | 400.8 | |
| Total PYD | -6.10 | 0.24 | -25.87** | 0.22 | 377.7 | -6.95 | 0.22 | -31.68** | 0.27 | 404.1 | |
PYD, Positive youth development.
In model 1, control variables were characteristics in Wave 1.
In model 2, age, sex, grade and residence were statistically controlled in Young’s Internet addiction test Wave 1 model; age, sex, grade, residence and income were statistically controlled in Young’s Internet addiction test Wave 2 model; measures of PYD in Wave 1 and Wave 2 were included as predictors to predict Internet addiction in Wave 1 and Wave 2, respectively.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
a1 = Male, 2 = Female; b1 = Primary school, 2 = Middle school; c1 = Urban, 2 = Rural; d1 = Primary school or lower, 2 = Junior secondary school, 3 = Senior secondary school, 4 = Diploma, 5 = Undergraduate or higher; e1 = Only-child, 2 = Non-only-child; f1 = Gross household income (Monthly) was less than 8 K yuan, 2 = Gross household income (Monthly) was more than or equal to 8 K yuan.