TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Characteristic | Healthy Eating Index-2015 | P-value | |||
| Q1(lowest) ≤ 60 | Q2 > 60, ≤ 70 | Q3 > 70, ≤ 80 | Q4(highest) > 80 | ||
| N (%) | 5859 | 1581 | 765 | 251 | |
| Age (years) | 56.76 ± 10.98 | 58.49 ± 10.77 | 59.19 ± 10.93 | 59.98 ± 10.32 | <0.001 |
| Sex (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Female | 2757 (47.06%) | 837 (52.94%) | 427 (55.82%) | 139 (55.38%) | |
| Male | 3102 (52.94%) | 744 (47.06%) | 338 (44.18%) | 112 (44.62%) | |
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Mexican American | 894 (15.26%) | 210 (13.28%) | 83 (10.85%) | 23 (9.16%) | |
| Other Hispanic | 581 (9.92%) | 216 (13.66%) | 87 (11.37%) | 31 (12.35%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 2538 (43.32%) | 655 (41.43%) | 358 (46.80%) | 116 (46.22%) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1375 (23.47%) | 280 (17.71%) | 127 (16.60%) | 42 (16.73%) | |
| Other race/Ethnicity | 471 (8.04%) | 220 (13.92%) | 110 (14.38%) | 39 (15.54%) | |
| Education (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Less than 9th grade | 748 (12.77%) | 173 (10.94%) | 71 (9.28%) | 17 (6.77%) | |
| High school or equivalent | 2287 (39.03%) | 442 (27.96%) | 198 (25.88%) | 50 (19.92%) | |
| College or above | 2824 (48.20%) | 966 (61.10%) | 496 (64.84%) | 184 (73.31%) | |
| Smoking status (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 2850 (48.64%) | 914 (57.81%) | 487 (63.66%) | 162 (64.54%) | |
| Former | 1609 (27.46%) | 496 (31.37%) | 226 (29.54%) | 73 (29.08%) | |
| Now | 1397 (23.84%) | 171 (10.82%) | 52 (6.80%) | 15 (5.98%) | |
| Not recorded | 3 (0.05%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.40%) | |
| Drinking status (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 649 (11.08%) | 224 (14.17%) | 109 (14.25%) | 42 (16.73%) | |
| Former | 1212 (20.69%) | 261 (16.51%) | 117 (15.29%) | 30 (11.95%) | |
| Mild | 1878 (32.05%) | 613 (38.77%) | 339 (44.31%) | 129 (51.39%) | |
| Moderate | 815 (13.91%) | 196 (12.40%) | 114 (14.90%) | 32 (12.75%) | |
| Heavy | 992 (16.93%) | 199 (12.59%) | 46 (6.01%) | 10 (3.98%) | |
| Not recorded | 313 (5.34%) | 88 (5.57%) | 40 (5.23%) | 8 (3.19%) | |
| Family poverty income ratio (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| <1.3 | 1701 (29.03%) | 328 (20.75%) | 117 (15.29%) | 47 (18.73%) | |
| 1.3–3.5 | 1992 (34.00%) | 471 (29.79%) | 226 (29.54%) | 68 (27.09%) | |
| >3.5 | 1727 (29.48%) | 628 (39.72%) | 365 (47.71%) | 119 (47.41%) | |
| Not recorded | 439 (7.49%) | 154 (9.74%) | 57 (7.45%) | 17 (6.77%) | |
| Systolic blood pressure(mmHg) | 125.21 ± 17.96 | 123.72 ± 16.86 | 122.69 ± 17.22 | 123.24 ± 16.77 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg) | 71.00 ± 10.75 | 70.39 ± 10.50 | 69.44 ± 10.54 | 70.41 ± 9.93 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.33 ± 6.31 | 27.80 ± 5.84 | 26.91 ± 5.19 | 26.06 ± 5.02 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98.13 ± 14.58 | 96.54 ± 13.78 | 94.06 ± 12.40 | 92.32 ± 12.06 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (MET-min per week) | <0.001 | ||||
| <600 | 940 (16.04%) | 256 (16.19%) | 118 (15.42%) | 42 (16.73%) | |
| 600–1200 | 638 (10.89%) | 222 (14.04%) | 121 (15.82%) | 37 (14.74%) | |
| >1200 | 2533 (43.23%) | 753 (47.63%) | 395 (51.63%) | 146 (58.17%) | |
| Not recorded | 1748 (29.83%) | 350 (22.14%) | 131 (17.12%) | 26 (10.36%) | |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 0.010 | ||||
| Yes | 991 (16.91%) | 255 (16.13%) | 103 (13.46%) | 27 (10.76%) | |
| No | 4815 (82.18%) | 1318 (83.36%) | 656 (85.75%) | 224 (89.24%) | |
| Not recorded | 53 (0.90%) | 8 (0.51%) | 6 (0.78%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2079.58 ± 966.08 | 1969.12 ± 807.03 | 1858.11 ± 720.29 | 1893.81 ± 784.95 | <0.001 |
| S-Klotho (pg/ml) | 851.64 ± 312.30 | 878.35 ± 329.71 | 879.80 ± 312.65 | 903.58 ± 332.19 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).