Table 1.

Illustration of completed and documented EBV vaccine trials.

Vaccine	Year	Cohort size	Clinical outcome
Live recombinant virus gp350 vaccinia	1995	9	Vaccination boosted EBV-neutralizing antibody titers; no vaccine efficacy (59).
Recombinant subunit gp350 EBV vaccine purified from Chinese hamster ovary cells	2007	148	One serious adverse event occurred which was considered to be of suspected relationship to vaccination; no vaccine efficacy (60).
Recombinant gp350 vaccine	2007	181	Recombinant gp350 showed significant efficacy (mean response rate, 78.0%) in preventing infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV infection, but not in preventing asymptomatic EBV infection (61).
EBV peptide vaccine	2008	14	The vaccine was well tolerated,and 1/2 placebo vaccines who acquired EBV developed infectious mononucleosis. Single-epitope vaccination did not predispose individuals to disease, nor did it significantly influence development of a normal repertoire of EBV specific CD8(+) T-cell responses following seroconversion (62).
Recombinant gp350 vaccine	2009	16	The vaccine was immunogenic but a prolonged vaccine schedule up to time of transplantation or improved adjuvants are required in future trials to reduce post (63).
Adenovirus ΔLMP1–LMP2 transduced DC vaccine	2012	16	No increase detected in the frequency of peripheral LMP1/2-specific T cells (64).
AdE1-LMPpoly vaccine	2012	24	Adoptive immunotherapy with AdE1-LMPpoly vaccine is safe and well tolerated and may offer clinical benefit to patients with NPC (65).
EBV-specific HLA-A2-restricted DC vaccine	2013	16	9 patients responded to LMP2A peptides,and serum EBV-DNA level significantly decreased; The EBV-specific HLA-A2-restricted DC vaccination is a promising treatment for EBV-related NPCs (66).
Recombinant vaccinia virus, MVA-EL, which encodes an EBNA1/LMP2 fusion protein	2013	18	T-cell responses to EBNA1 and/or LMP2 increased in 15 patients; MVA-EL was both safe and immunogenic (67).
MVA-EL	2014	16	T-cell responses to EBNA1 and/or LMP2 increased in 8 patients; MVA-EL was safeand immunogenic across diverse ethnicities and thus suitable for use in trials against different EBV-positive cancers globally (68).
Adenoviral vaccine of EBV-LMP2 (rAd5-EBV-LMP2)	2016	24	Proportion of CD3+ CD4+ cells in peripheral blood significantly increased; The rA5-EBV-LMP2 vaccine was safe and well-tolerated, but has no vaccine efficacy (69).