Table 3.
Relation between clinicopathological features and DKK3 IHC in malignant cells/VDR ApaI genotypes in patients with prostate cancer (n = 50).
| DKK3 IHC in malignant cells | VDR ApaI C/A polymorphism | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Prostate cancer patients (n = 50), n (%) | Low (n = 35), n (%) | High (n = 15), n (%) | p* | CC (n = 13), n (%) | AA (n = 26), n (%) | CA (n = 11), n (%) | p* |
| Age group, yr | ||||||||
| <60 | 24 (48) | 16 (66.7) | 8 (33.3) | 0.621 | 5 (20.8) | 11 (45.8) | 8 (33.3) | 0.173 |
| ≥60 | 26 (52) | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) | 8 (30.8) | 15 (57.7) | 3 (11.5) | ||
| Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen, ng/mL | ||||||||
| <10 | 16 (32) | 13 (81.2) | 3 (18.8) | 0.011† | 125.4 ± 27.8 | 64.9 ± 20.55 | 86.4 ± 24.4 | <0.001† |
| 10–20 | 13 (26) | 12 (92.3) | 1 (7.7) | |||||
| >20 | 21 (42) | 10 (47.6) | 11 (52.4) | |||||
| ECOG PS | ||||||||
| ECOG 0 | 14 (28) | 11 (78.6) | 3 (21.4) | 0.444 | 3 (21.4) | 10 (71.4) | 1 (7.1) | 0.093 |
| ECOG 1 | 19 (38) | 14 (73.7) | 5 (26.3) | 8 (42.1) | 7 (36.8) | 4 (21.1) | ||
| ECOG 2 | 17 (34) | 10 (58.8) | 7 (41.2) | 2 (11.8) | 9 (52.9) | 6 (35.3) | ||
| Gleason score | ||||||||
| Gleason 7 | 6 (12) | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 0.630 | 1 (16.7) | 4 (66.7) | 1 (16.7) | 0.846 |
| Gleason 8 | 23 (46) | 16 (69.6) | 7 (30.4) | 6 (26.1) | 12 (52.2) | 5 (21.7) | ||
| Gleason 9 | 15 (30) | 11 (73.3) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (20) | 8 (53.3) | 4 (26.7) | ||
| Gleason 10 | 6 (12) | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | 3 (50) | 2 (33.3) | 1 (16.7) | ||
| ≤7 | 6 (12) | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 0.348 | 1 (16.7) | 4 (66.7) | 1 (16.7) | 0.741 |
| >7 | 44 (88) | 32 (72.7) | 12 (27.3) | 12 (27.3) | 22 (50) | 10 (22.7) | ||
| Tumor | ||||||||
| T2 | 20 (40) | 16 (80) | 4 (20) | 0.435 | 7 (35) | 8 (40) | 5 (25) | 0.041† |
| T3 | 20 (40) | 13 (65) | 7 (35) | 5 (25) | 14 (70) | 1 (5) | ||
| T4 | 10 (20) | 6 (60) | 4 (40) | 1 (10) | 4 (40) | 5 (50) | ||
| Node | ||||||||
| N0 | 22 (44) | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | 0.025† | 7 (31.8) | 9 (40.9) | 6 (27.3) | 0.380 |
| N1 | 28 (56) | 16 (57.1) | 12 (42.9) | 6 (21.4) | 17 (60.7) | 5 (17.9) | ||
| Metastasis | ||||||||
| M0 | 39 (78) | 28 (71.8) | 11 (28.2) | 0.713 | 11 (28.2) | 21 (53.8) | 7 (17.9) | 0.413 |
| M1 | 11 (22) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | 2 (18.2) | 5 (45.5) | 4 (36.4) | ||
| D'Amico risk | ||||||||
| Low | 2 (25) | 4 (50) | 2 (25) | 0.68 | ||||
| Intermediate | 6 (37.5) | 8 (50) | 2 (12.5) | |||||
| High | 5 (19.2) | 14 (53.8) | 7 (26.9) | |||||
| DKK3 IHC in malignant cells | ||||||||
| Low | 35 (70) | 11 (31.4) | 16 (45.7) | 8 (22.9) | 0.325 | |||
| High | 15 (30) | 2 (13.3) | 10 (66.7) | 3 (20) | ||||
| VDR ApaI C/A polymorphism | ||||||||
| CC | 13 (26) | 11 (84.6) | 2 (15.4) | 0.325 | ||||
| AA | 26 (52) | 16 (61.5) | 10 (38.5) | |||||
| CA | 11 (22) | 8 (72.7) | 3 (27.3) | |||||
DKK3 = Dickkopf homolog 3; ECOG PS = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; IHC = immunohistochemistry; VDR = vitamin D receptor.
Categorical variables are expressed as number (percentage).
*χ2 Test.
†p < 0.05 (significant).