Table 4.
Relation between clinicopathological features, DKK3 IHC in malignant cells, VDR ApaI C/A polymorphism, and outcomes of patients with prostate cancer (n = 50).
| Relapse | Mortality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Patients with prostate cancer (n = 39), n (%) | Absent (n = 23) n (%) |
Present (n = 16) n (%) |
p* | Patients with prostate cancer (n = 50), n (%) | Alive (n = 35), n (%) | Died (n = 15), n (%) | p* |
| Age group, yr | ||||||||
| <60 | 18 (46.2) | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) | 0.366 | 24 (48) | 16 (66.7) | 8 (33.3) | 0.621 |
| ≥60 | 21 (53.8) | 11 (52.4) | 10 (47.6) | 26 (52) | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) | ||
| Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen, ng/mL | ||||||||
| <10 | 16 (41) | 15 (93.8) | 1 (6.2) | <0.001† | 16 (32) | 13 (81.2) | 3 (18.8) | 0.468 |
| 10–20 | 11 (28.2) | 2 (18.2) | 9 (81.8) | 13 (26) | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | ||
| >20 | 12 (30.8) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 21 (42) | 14 (66.7) | 7 (33.3) | ||
| ECOG PS | ||||||||
| ECOG 0 | 14 (35.9) | 9 (64.3) | 5 (35.7) | 0.260 | 14 (28) | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | 0.002† |
| ECOG 1 | 19 (48.7) | 9 (47.4) | 10 (52.6) | 19 (38) | 18 (94.7) | 1 (5.3) | ||
| ECOG 2 | 6 (15.4) | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | 17 (34) | 7 (41.2) | 10 (58.8) | ||
| Gleason score | ||||||||
| Gleason 7 | 6 (15.4) | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | 0.008† | 6 (12) | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | <0.001† |
| Gleason 8 | 23 (59) | 12 (52.2) | 11 (47.8) | 23 (46) | 20 (87) | 3 (13) | ||
| Gleason 9 | 4 (10.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (100) | 15 (30) | 4 (26.7) | 11 (73.3) | ||
| Gleason 10 | 6 (15.4) | 6 (100) | 0 (0) | 6 (12) | 6 (100) | 0 (0) | ||
| ≤7 | 6 (15.4) | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | 0.370 | 6 (12) | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | 0.654 |
| >7 | 33 (84.6) | 18 (54.5) | 15 (45.5) | 44 (88) | 30 (68.2) | 14 (31.8) | ||
| Tumor | ||||||||
| T2 | 20 (51.3) | 19 (95) | 1 (5) | <0.001† | 20 (40) | 17 (85) | 3 (15) | 0.040† |
| T3 | 16 (41) | 4 (25) | 12 (75) | 20 (40) | 14 (70) | 6 (30) | ||
| T4 | 3 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 3 (100) | 10 (20) | 4 (40) | 6 (60) | ||
| Node | ||||||||
| N0 | 22 (56.4) | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | <0.001† | 22 (44) | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | 0.025† |
| N1 | 17 (43.6) | 4 (23.5) | 13 (76.5) | 28 (56) | 16 (57.1) | 12 (42.9) | ||
| Metastasis | ||||||||
| M0 | 39 (78) | 33 (84.6) | 6 (15.4) | <0.001† | ||||
| M1 | 11 (22) | 2 (18.2) | 9 (81.8) | |||||
| DKK3 IHC in malignant cells | ||||||||
| Low | 28 (71.8) | 18 (64.3) | 10 (35.7) | 0.307 | 35 (70) | 23 (65.7) | 12 (34.3) | 0.502 |
| High | 11 (28.2) | 5 (45.5) | 6 (54.5) | 15 (30) | 12 (80) | 3 (20) | ||
| VDR ApaI C/A polymorphism | ||||||||
| CC | 11 (28.2) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.4) | 0.193 | 13 (26) | 12 (92.3) | 1 (7.7) | 0.082 |
| AA | 21 (53.8) | 10 (47.6) | 11 (52.4) | 26 (52) | 15 (57.7) | 11 (42.3) | ||
| CA | 7 (17.9) | 6 (85.7) | 1 (14.3) | 11 (22) | 8 (72.7) | 3 (27.3) | ||
DKK3 = Dickkopf homolog 3; ECOG PS = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; IHC = immunohistochemistry; VDR = vitamin D receptor.
Categorical variables are expressed as number (percentage).
*χ2 Test.
†p < 0.05 (significant).