Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by categories of MAFLD: NHANES 2017–2018.
| Characteristics (weighted) | Non-MAFLD | MAFLD | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1,718 | 2,344 | |
| Energy (kcal) | 2097.9 ± 29.2 | 2271.7 ± 21.4 | 0.005 |
| HEI_2015 | 50.6 ± 1.0 | 48.0 ± 0.6 | 0.006 |
| Age (years) | 43.9 ± 0.7 | 51.4 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (%) | |||
| Male | 765 (42.6) | 1,243 (54.3) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 953 (57.4) | 1,101 (45.7) | |
| Race (%) | |||
| Mexican American | 218 (5.7) | 348 (10.6) | < 0.001 |
| Other Hispanic | 211 (6.8) | 187 (6.5) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 830 (66.2) | 706 (63.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 603 (12.1) | 364 (9.2) | |
| Other races | 451 (9.3) | 310 (10.3) | |
| Education (%) | 0.004 | ||
| < 11th grade | 294 (9.1) | 445 (10.6) | |
| High school graduate | 404 (26.0) | 578 (29.0) | |
| Some college | 551 (29.2) | 787 (32.7) | |
| College graduate or above | 468 (35.7) | 534 (27.8) | |
| ABSI (m11/6kg−2/3) | 0.081 ± 0.000 | 0.083 ± 0.000 | < 0.001 |
| ALT (μ/l) | 19.4 ± 0.6 | 26.5 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| AST (μ/l) | 21.4 ± 0.6 | 23.0 ± 0.5 | 0.072 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.8 ± 0.0 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 0.034 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.1 ± 0.0 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| CRP | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| Minutes of sedentary activity | 346.2 ± 8.8 | 356.8 ± 7.9 | 0.160 |
| Smoking (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 1,349 (81.3) | 1,974 (84.3) | |
| Some days | 57 (2.8) | 96 (4.2) | |
| every day | 312 (16.0) | 274 (11.4) | |
| Alcohol (g) | 11.2 ± 0.8 | 11.8 ± 0.7 | 0.640 |
| Hypertension (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 1,153 (76.2) | 1,037 (47.9) | |
| Yes | 565 (23.8) | 1,307 (52.1) | |
| Diabetes (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 1,469 (90.4) | 1,435 (65.9) | |
| IFG | 90 (4.9) | 213 (10.5) | |
| Yes | 159 (4.7) | 696 (23.6) |