Table 1.

Positive ANAs in pediatric patients [Adapted from (9)].

Disease/Diagnosis	Percentage ANA +
Diseases in which + ANA is necessary in making diagnoses
• SLE • Systemic scleroderma	• 99–100% • 60–80%
Diseases in which + ANA is helpful in making diagnoses
• Juvenile dermatomyositis • Primary Sjogren's syndrome	• 50–60% • 50%
Diagnoses where + ANA is important in determining
prognosis or informs monitoring protocol
• JIA–informs risk of developing uveitis and ophthalmologic screening protocol • Primary Raynaud's phenomena • Secondary Raynaud's due to an evolving disease, such as early scleroderma	• 60% • < 20% • 50–60%
Diagnoses/diseases in which ANA + is part of diagnostic
criteria
• SLE • Autoimmune hepatitis Type 1 • Autoimmune hepatitis Type 2 • Drug-induced lupus • Mixed Connective tissue disease	• 99–100% • 98–100% • 50% • 100% • 100%
Scenarios in which ANA testing is not helpful for diagnosis or
prognosis/monitoring but are commonly tested
• Rheumatoid arthritis • Fibromyalgia • Thyroid disease • Children in families with autoimmune disease who themselves have no signs or symptoms of autoimmunity	• 30–50% • 10–20% population norm for age • 30–70% • 5–30% population norm for age