Table 2B.
Non-rheumatologic diagnoses with positive ANA.
| Non-rheumatologic diagnosis | % Positive | Comments | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autoimmune thyroid disease | 30–70% | Often subclinical thyroid disease with isolated + ANA | (24–26) |
| Autoimmune hepatitis Type 1 Autoimmune hepatitis Type 2 |
98–100% 50% |
1/3 have no antibody other than + ANA Requires IFA test only |
(10) |
| Celiac disease | 25–30% | ENA found in 3–21% | (27) |
| Malignancies | 17–30% | Varies | (28, 29) |
| Steatohepatitis | 20–25% | Varies | (30) |
| Infectious diseases | Varies | Varies | (15, 18, 31, 32) |
| Drug-induced | Varies | 8-fold increase with minocycline Common with anti-TNF agents |
(33–37) |
| Healthy child | 5–13% child 10–30% teen | Common in otherwise healthy individuals | (2, 16, 38, 39) |
ANA, antinuclear antibodies; ENA, extractable nuclear antigens; IFA, immunofluorescence assay; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.