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. 2023 Jan 25;11:10. doi: 10.1186/s40364-023-00454-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Anti-PD-L1 antibody reinvigorated CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion in different degrees. Flow cytometric analysis of CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion before and after anti-PD-L1 intervention in LLC and B16 models. A Experiment scheme. B Tumor growth of LLC model and B16 model in ICI group. C The proportion of early and terminal Tex cells in CD8⁺ T cells of LLC model in ICI group. D The ratio of early-exhausted CD8⁺ T cells to terminally-exhausted CD8⁺ T cells (E/T) of LLC model in ICI group. E and F Mean Fluorescence intensity (MFI) of PD-1 expression in CD8⁺ T cells of LLC model. The data are presented as summary graph (E) and representative plot (F). G The proportion of early and terminal Tex cells in CD8⁺ T cells of B16 model in ICI group. H E/T of B16 model in ICI group. I and J MFI of PD-1 expression in CD8⁺ T cells of B16 model. The data are presented as summary graph (I) and representative plot (J). K and L Representative flow cytometric staining of exhausted CD8⁺ T cells subsets of LLC (K) and B16 models (L). The data shown are representative of three independent experiments (n = 3 per time point) and are presented as the mean ± SEM. *: P < 0.05, ***: P < 0.001