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. 2023 Jan 25;21:28. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01764-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — Comparative apoptotic gene expression analysis through RT-PCR with liver tissue samples from different experiential groups of animals (A-F). a Representing increases level of p53, b caspase-3, and c decreased level of Bcl-2 expression. Data indicated ± SD (n=3), (***) expressed significant (p < 0.05) upregulation or downregulation in gene, in conjugated nanoliposomes Apt-NLCs treated animals (GR F), samples in comparison to non-conjugated NLCs/ PEG-NLCs nanoliposomes (Gr D/F), free apigenin (Gr C) and carcinogen positive animals (Gr B). ns represented no significant changes among Gr A and Gr B for caspase expression assay. d Representing β- actin, p53, caspase -3, Bcl-2 gene expression of different experiential groups of animals in agarose gel electrophoresis study