Table 4.

Bi-variable and multi-variable log-binomial regression analysis to the predictors of dysphagia among adult stroke patients at Western Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2021

Variables	Category	Seizure		CRR(95% CI)	ARR(95% CI)	P-value
		Yes	No
Sex	Female	52	174	1	-	-
	Male	74	268	0.94 (0.69–1.29)	-	-
Age categorized	23–44	25	108	1	1
	45–64	32	95	1.34 (0.84–2.13)	1.98(1.06–3.70)	0.032
	65–115	69	239	1.19 (0.79–1.79)	2.49(1.33–4.69)	0.005
Residence	Urban	46	115	1	1
	Rural	80	327	0.69 (0.50–0.94)	0.64(0.46–1.90)	0.073
GCS level	≤ 8	43	101	1	1
	9–12	42	135	0.79 (0.55–1.14)	1.54(0.94–2.54)	0.089
	> 12	41	206	0.56 (0.38–0.81)	0.89(0.60–1.32)	0.558
Stroked body part	Bilateral	35	50	1	1
	Unilateral	91	392	0.46 (0.33–0.63)	0.80(0.46–1.42)	0.455
Type of stroke	Ischemic	50	317	1	1
	Hemorrhagic	76	125	2.78 (2.03–3.79)	1.99(1.25–3.17)	0.004
Hypertension	No	52	216	1	1
	Yes	74	226	1.27 (0.93–1.74)	0.90(0.61–1.32)	0.577
Heart diseases	No	101	373	1	-	-
	Yes	25	69	1.25 (0.86–1.82)	-	-
Diabetes mellitus	No	106	401	1	1
	Yes	20	41	1.57 (1.10–2.33)	1.00(0.62–1.61)	0.989
GERD	No	22	317	1	1
	Yes	104	125	6.99 (4.56–10.74)	4.35(0.54–5.47)	0.764
Dysphagia	No	31	293	1	1
	Yes	95	149	4.07 (2.81–5.89)	2.94(0.99–4.34)	0.071
Surgical intervention	No	108	403	1	1
	Yes	18	39	1.49 (0.98–2.27)	1.85(1.22–2.81)	0.012
Mannitol	No	70	334	1	1
	Yes	56	108	1.97 (1.46–2.66)	0.94(0.54–1.63)	0.828
Tramadol	No	11	235	1	1
	Yes	115	207	7.99 (4.39–14.50)	3.01(1.96–4.61)	< 0.001
Metoclopramide	No	99	329	1	-	-
	Yes	27	113	0.83 (0.57–1.22)	-	-
Naso-gastric tube	No	89	223	1	1
	Yes	37	219	0.51 (0.36–0.72)	0.16(0.09–1.27)	0.061
Oxygen-therapy	No	84	308	1	-	-
	Yes	42	134	1.11 (0.80–1.54)	-	-
Intravenous fluid therapy	No	83	300	1	-	-
	Yes	43	142	1.07 (0.76–1.48)	-	-
Length of hospital stay	3–7	76	321	1	1
	8–29	50	121	1.53 (1.12–2.08)	1.47(0.94–2.31)	0.092

ARR Adjusted Risk Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, CRR Crude Risk Ratio, GCS Glasgow coma scale, GERD Gastro esophageal Disease