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. 2023 Jan 25;24:30. doi: 10.1186/s12931-023-02316-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Clinical measures of disease severity and symptoms including (A) FEV1 percent predicted, (B) FEV1/FVC, (C) DLCO percent predicted (D) distance walked in six minutes, (E) SGRQ total score, (F) MMRC dyspnea score, and (G) BODE index, varying by cluster in the COPDGene discovery sample set as well as in the COPDGene and MESA validation sets. Some measures were not present in the MESA cohort. BODE body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, MMRC Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, SGRQ St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire