Table 1.
Basic characteristics of patients with ART. Pa, comparisons among three groups. Pb, comparison between ART and planned pregnancy. Pc, comparison between ART and unplanned pregnancy. Pd, comparison between planned and unplanned pregnancy
| ART (n = 66) | Planned (n = 214) | Unplanned (n = 66) | Pa | Pb | Pc | Pd | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic characteristics | |||||||
| Age, mean ± SD | 34.0 ± 3.8 | 31.3 ± 4.3 | 28.4 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Pre-pregnant BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 21.4 ± 2.3 | 20.4 ± 2.7 | 21.2 ± 2.3 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.618 | 0.030 |
| Disease course, months, median (IQR) | 42.5 (25, 84.8) | 72 (41, 108) | 33.5 (10.5, 63) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Primipara, n (%) | 43 (65.2) | 152 (71.0) | 35 (53.0) | 0.025 | 0.444 | 0.215 | 0.008 |
| Previous pregnancies, mean ± SD | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 0.012 | 0.007 | 0.020 | 0.562 |
| Obstetrical history | |||||||
| Incidence rate, n (%) | 27 (40.9) | 68 (31.8) | 10 (15.2) | 0.004 | 0.183 | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Spontaneous abortion, n (%) | 17 (25.8) | 33 (15.4) | 5 (7.6) | 0.016 | 0.066 | 0.009 | 0.148 |
| Ectopic pregnancy, n (%) | 11 (16.7) | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.576 |
| Therapeutic abortion, n (%) | 7 (10.6) | 19 (8.9) | 3 (4.5) | 0.424 | |||
| Preeclampsia/eclampsia, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 0.825 | |||
| Stillbirth, n (%) | 0 (0) | 9 (4.2) | 1 (1.5) | 0.138 | |||
| Premature delivery, n (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (3.7) | 2 (3.0) | 0.277 | |||
| Neonatal death, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | |||
| Laboratory test | |||||||
| ANA, n (%) | 59 (89.4) | 187 (87.4) | 64 (97.0) | 0.088 | |||
| Anti-dsDNA, n (%) | 15 (22.7) | 114 (53.3) | 48 (72.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Anti-SSA, n (%) | 16 (24.2) | 93 (43.5) | 41 (62.1) | < 0.001 | 0.006 | < 0.001 | 0.011 |
| Anti-SSB, n (%) | 8 (12.1) | 20 (9.3) | 11 (16.7) | 0.262 | |||
| aCL-IgG, n (%) | 2 (3.0) | 10 (4.7) | 3 (4.5) | 0.933 | |||
| aCL-IgM, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.4) | 4 (6.1) | 0.058 | |||
| β2-GPI-IgG, n (%) | 2 (3.0) | 3 (1.4) | 2 (3.0) | 0.356 | |||
| β2-GPI-IgM, n (%) | 3 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 0.013 | |||
| LA, n (%) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (1.9) | 3 (4.5) | 0.473 | |||
| Pre-pregnant treatment | |||||||
| Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 26 (39.4) | 200 (93.5) | 26 (39.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 1.000 | < 0.001 |
| Immunosuppressants, n (%) | 4 (6.1) | 38 (17.8) | 8 (12.1) | 0.055 | 0.028 | 0.365 | 0.344 |
| CsA, n (%) | 4 (6.1) | 22 (10.3) | 4 (6.1) | 0.295 | |||
| TAC, n (%) | 0 (0) | 7 (3.3) | 1 (1.5) | 0.371 | |||
| AZA, n (%) | 0 (0) | 9 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 0.050 | |||
| HCQ, n (%) | 57 (86.4) | 176 (82.2) | 20 (30.3) | < 0.001 | 0.461 | 0.461 | < 0.001 |
| LDA, n (%) | 10 (15.2) | 35 (16.4) | 1 (1.5) | 0.007 | 0.852 | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| LMWH, n (%) | 7 (10.6) | 11 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 0.014 | 0.148 | 0.013 | 0.072 |
Abbreviation: ART Assisted reproductive therapy, AZA Azathioprine, BMI Body mass index, CsA Cyclosporin A, HCQ Hydroxychloroquine, IQR Interquartile range, LA Lupus anticoagulant, LDA Low-dose aspirin, LMWH Low molecular weight heparin, SD Standard deviation, TAC Tacrolimus