Table 2.

Associations between prenatal exposure to air pollution and lung function at 6 wk and 3 y. Regression coefficients are estimated from univariate and multiple linear models.

Age	Pollutants	$\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{M}}_{2.5}$ ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^3$)		${\text{OP}}_{\mathrm{v}}^{\mathrm{DTT}}$ (nmol$/\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}/{\mathrm{m}}^3$)		${\text{OP}}_{\mathrm{v}}^{\mathrm{AA}}$ (nmol$/\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}/{\mathrm{m}}^3$)
	Regression model	Unadjusted coefficients (95% CI)	Adjusteda coefficients (95% CI)	Unadjusted coefficients (95% CI)	Adjusteda coefficients (95% CI)	Unadjusted coefficients (95% CI)	Adjusteda coefficients (95% CI)
6 wk	FRC (mL)b	$-2.16$ ($-4.41$, 0.09)	$-1.58$ ($-3.67$, 0.5)	$-2.69$ ($-5.28$, $-0.11$)	$-2.26$ ($-4.68$, 0.15)	$-1.05$ ($-3.31$, 1.22)	$-0.59$ ($-2.85$, 1.68)
	LCIb	$-0.02$ ($-0.17$, 0.13)	$-0.01$ ($-0.14$, 0.13)	$-0.05$ ($-0.22$, 0.12)	$-0.06$ ($-0.22$, 0.09)	$-0.02$ ($-0.17$, 0.12)	$-0.05$ ($-0.19$, 0.1)
	${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{T}}$ (mL)c	$-0.52$ ($-1.4$, 0.37)	$-0.54$ ($-1.35$, 0.28)	$-0.65$ ($-1.67$, 0.38)	$-0.58$ ($-1.54$, 0.38)	$-0.11$ ($-1.01$, 0.78)	0.13 ($-0.76$, 1.02)
	${\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{F}}/{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{E}}$ (%)c	0.34 ($-0.86$, 1.54)	0.25 ($-1.02$, 1.51)	0.8 ($-0.59$, 2.19)	0.69 ($-0.79$, 2.17)	0.42 ($-0.78$, 1.63)	0.14 ($-1.23$, 1.51)
3 y	$\mathrm{R}\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{s}}_7$ ($\text{hPa}\times \mathrm{s}/\mathrm{L}$)d	$-0.01$ ($-0.33$, 0.32)	$-0.02$ ($-0.33$, 0.3)	0.12 ($-0.21$, 0.46)	0.05 ($-0.28$, 0.37)	$-0.04$ ($-0.37$, 0.28)	$-0.08$ ($-0.41$, 0.25)
	${\text{Rrs}}_{7–19}$ ($\text{hPa}\times \mathrm{s}/\mathrm{L}$)d	$-0.01$ ($-0.15$, 0.14)	0.02 ($-0.13$, 0.16)	0.08 ($-0.07$, 0.23)	0.09 ($-0.06$, 0.24)	0.1 ($-0.05$, 0.24)	0.12 ($-0.04$, 0.27)
	$\mathrm{X}\mathrm{r}{\mathrm{s}}_7$ ($\text{hPa}\times \mathrm{s}/\mathrm{L}$)d	$-0.01$ ($-0.17$, 0.16)	0.01 ($-0.15$, 0.17)	$-0.09$ ($-0.26$, 0.08)	$-0.05$ ($-0.22$, 0.11)	$-0.07$ ($-0.23$, 0.1)	$-0.07$ ($-0.23$, 0.1)
	AX ($\text{hPa}/\mathrm{L}$)d	0.65 ($-4.45$, 5.74)	0.22 ($-4.81$, 5.25)	2.34 ($-2.95$, 7.64)	1.07 ($-4.08$, 6.22)	$-1$ ($-6.07$, 4.06)	$-2.21$ ($-7.48$, 3.07)

Note: Coefficients are calculated for an increase of one IQR for ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$, ${\text{OP}}_{\mathrm{v}}^{\mathrm{DTT}}$, and ${\text{OP}}_{\mathrm{v}}^{\mathrm{AA}}$, corresponding to $6.9{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$, $0{.89\text{\hspace{0.17em}nmol}/\text{min}/\mathrm{m}}^3$, and $1{.14\text{\hspace{0.17em}nmol}/\text{min}/\mathrm{m}}^3$, respectively. AA, ascorbic acid; AX, area under the reactance curve; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; FRC, functional residual capacity; IQR, interquartile range; LCI, lung clearance index; ${\text{OP}}_{\mathrm{v}}^{\mathrm{AA}}$, volume-normalized oxidative potential measured by the AA assay; ${\text{OP}}_{\mathrm{v}}^{\mathrm{DTT}}$, volume-normalized oxidative potential measured by the DTT assay; PM, particulate matter; ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$, PM with an aerodynamic diameter $<2.5\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$; ${\text{Rrs}}_7$, resistance at a frequency of 7 Hz; ${\text{Rrs}}_{7–19}$, difference between the resistance at 7 Hz and at 19 Hz; ${\mathrm{t}}_{\text{PTEF}}{/\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{E}}$ ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time; ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{T}}$, tidal volume; ${\text{Xrs}}_7$, reactance at a frequency of 7 Hz.

^a Model adjusted for child’s height, weight, sex, age, season of sampling, breastfeeding, environmental tobacco smoke, maternal age and BMI before pregnancy, parental level of education, parental history of rhinitis, and mean temperature during pregnancy.

^b Number of observations is 284 for FRC and LCI.

^c Number of observations is 309 for ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{T}}$ and ${\mathrm{t}}_{\text{PTEF}}{/\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{E}}$.

^d Number of observations is 248 for ${\text{Rrs}}_7$, ${\text{Rrs}}_{7–19}$, ${\text{Xrs}}_7$, and AX.