Table 1.
Patient characteristics of all included patients stratified by disease severity
| Overall, N = 47 | Disease severity | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low, N = 38 | High, N = 9 | |||
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age, years (IQR) | 70 (60, 79) | 68 (59, 78) | 71 (61, 80) | 0.53 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 31 (66) | 23 (61) | 8 (89) | 0.14 |
| Number of comorbidities | > 0.99 | |||
| > = 2, n (%) | 20 (43) | 16 (42) | 4 (44) | |
| 0–1, n (%) | 27 (57) | 22 (58) | 5 (56) | |
| CCI-score (IQR) | 4 (2, 6) | 4 (2, 6) | 4 (3, 5) | 0.81 |
| Immunodeficiency* | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| EWS score at admission (IQR) | 5 (3, 7) | 5 (2, 6) | 6 (5, 7) | 0.10 |
| Days since symptom onset at inclusion, days (IQR) | 7 (4, 10) | 7 (4, 10) | 6 (4, 7) | 0.24 |
| No assisted respiration, n (%) | 9 (19) | 9 (24) | 0 (0) | 0.17 |
| Nasal cannula/mask < 5 L oxygen/min, n (%) | 26 (55) | 26 (68) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| Mask > = 5 L oxygen/min, n (%) | 3 (6.5) | 3 (7.9) | 0 (0) | > 0.99 |
| High-flow oxygen therapy, n (%) | 4 (8.5) | 0 (0%) | 4 (44) | < 0.001 |
| Respirator, n (%) | 3 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (33) | 0.005 |
| NIV, n (%) | 2 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (22) | 0.033 |
| Admission length, days (IQR) | 5 (3, 10) | 4 (3, 7) | 19 (11, 30) | < 0.001 |
| Death during admission, n (%) | 2 (4.5) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (11) | 0.35 |
| Death within 180 days, n (%) | 3 (6.5) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (22) | 0.090 |
P-value was calculated using Mann–Whitney U test for numerical variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables
CCI Charlson comorbidity index, EWS Early warning score, NIV Non-invasive ventilation
*Immunodeficiency was defined as: the use of (1) corticosteroid treatment exceeding a prednisolone-equivalent dose of 20 mg daily ≥ 14 days at the time of admission, (2) monoclonal antibodies interfering with the immune system, (3) small molecular immunosuppressants, (4) antineoplastic agents, or (5) a primary immunodeficiency diagnosis