Table 3.

Cox proportional hazard model of intra-abdominal hypertension and outcomes.

	Crude		Model 1†		Model 2‡
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Composite outcome*	1.81 (1.04–3.14)	.030	1.72 (0.81–3.64)	.160	6.58 (2.33–18.58)	<.005
AKI	1.78 (1.01–3.12)	.040	1.72 (0.81–3.67)	.160	6.52 (2.26–18.79)	<.005
Death	1.79 (0.52–6.20)	.360	0.98 (0.18–5.22)	.980	1.80 (0.02–151.99)	.800

ACEI = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, AKI = acute kidney injury, APACHE II = = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker, BMI = body mass index, CAD = coronary artery disease, CKD = chronic kidney disease, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Cr = creatinine, CVA = cerebrovascular accident, DLP = dyslipidemia, DM = diabetes mellitus, Hb = hemoglobin, HT = hypertension, NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

^*Composite outcome included AKI, KRT, or death.

^†Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, BMI, comorbid (DM, HT, cirrhosis, old CVA, CAD, COPD, CKD, and DLP), previous medications (ACEI, ARB, NSAIDs, and diuretic).

^‡Model 2: adjusted for model 1 additional with baseline Cr, baseline Hb, APACHE II, presented with septic shock, required vasopressor, required diuretic, current medication (colistin, vancomycin, sedative agents, and corticosteroid), received blood transfusion, need mechanical ventilator, exposed to contrast media.