Table 2.
Changes in clinical scales and comparisons within and between groups.
| Exoskeleton group (n = 9) | Control group (n = 8) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P (within group) | P (within group) | P (between group) | ||||||
| FAC | Pre | 1 (0 to 3) | Pre | 0 (0 to 3) | 0.370 | |||
| Post | 3 (0 to 4) | Post | 0 (0 to 3) | .074 | ||||
| Δ | 1 (0 to 4) | .017* | Δ | 0 (0 to 2) | .180 | .046* | ||
| FMA-LE | Pre | 20 (12 to 29) | Pre | 17.5 (4 to 29) | .423 | |||
| Post | 27 (13 to 32) | Post | 22 (4 to 31) | .236 | ||||
| Δ | 2 (−3 to 11) | .154 | Δ | 2.5 (−1 to 5) | .027* | 1.000 | ||
| BBS | Pre | 23 (4 to 37) | Pre | 4.5 (4 to 36) | .139 | |||
| Post | 39 (7 to 55) | Post | 8.5 (3 to 52) | .093 | ||||
| Δ | 21 (−4 to 26) | .021* | Δ | 5.5 (0 to 17) | .028* | .200 | ||
| TUG (s) | Pre | 131.73 (30.93 to 131.73) | Pre | 131.73 (52.37 to 131.73) | .423 | |||
| Post | 28.43 (10.86 to 131.73) | Post | 131.73 (22.78 to 131.73) | .093 | ||||
| Δ | −34.57 (−105.39 to 0.00) | .018* | Δ | 0.00 (−108.95 to 0.00) | .180 | .114 | ||
| 10 MWT (m/s) | Pre | 0 (0 to 0.36) | Pre | 0 (0 to 0.35) | .541 | |||
| Post | 0.42 (0.00 to 1.09) | Post | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.56) | .167 | ||||
| Δ | 0.28 (0.00 to 0.82) | .018* | Δ | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.49) | .109 | .114 | ||
| K-MBI | Pre | 33 (22 to 77) | Pre | 32.5 (8 to 63) | .370 | |||
| Post | 70 (37 to 98) | Post | 40.5 (23 to 91) | .200 | ||||
| Δ | 21 (−2 to 44) | .011* | Δ | 19.5 (0 to 38) | .028* | .423 | ||
| EQ-5D | Pre | 0.370 (0.160 to 0.724) | Pre | 0.277 (0.052 to 0.552) | .382 | |||
| Post | 0.767 (0.492 to 0.842) | Post | 0.434 (0.112 to 0.856) | .028* | ||||
| Δ | 0.342 (0.070 to 0.605) | .012* | Δ | 0.224 (0.000 to 0.304) | .028* | .015* | ||
| FVC | Pre | 2.51 (2.19 to 3.73) | Pre | 2.66 (2.13 to 4.05) | .933 | |||
| Post | 2.82 (1.80 to 3.49) | Post | 2.74 (1.56 to 4.27) | .724 | ||||
| Δ | 0.095 (−0.39 to 0.75) | .575 | Δ | 0.32 (−0.38 to 0.69) | .273 | .683 | ||
| FEV1 | Pre | 2.24 (1.65 to 2.84) | Pre | 2.18 (1.79 to 3.18) | 1.000 | |||
| Post | 2.25 (1.28 to 2.81) | Post | 2.07 (1.53 to 3.38) | .833 | ||||
| Δ | −0.03 (−0.37 to 0.30) | .833 | Δ | 0.24 (−0.28 to 0.35) | .357 | .368 | ||
| FEV1/FVC | Pre | 82.79 (74.96 to 99.87) | Pre | 81.33 (74.34 to 99.87) | .933 | |||
| Post | 80.27 (66.83 to 96.57) | Post | 81.07 (74.30 to 98.17) | .724 | ||||
| Δ | −2.47 (−0.18.88 to 7.87) | .293 | Δ | −1.47 (−10.04 to 0.40) | .273 | 1.000 | ||
Data are expressed as median (range).
10 MWT = 10-m walk test, BBS = Berg Balance Scale, EQ-5D = Euro quality of life 5-dimensions, FAC = functional ambulation category, FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FMA-LE = Fugl–Meyer assessment of lower extremity, FVC = forced vital capacity, K-MBI = Korean version of the modified Barthel index, TUG = timed, up-and-go, Δ = changes between pre- and post-intervention.
*
P < .05.