Fig. 4. B. uniformis administration improved endurance exercise performance in mice.

(A) Endurance exercise test schedule. The mice were administered PBS (PBS group), B. uniformis (2 × 10⁸ CFU/day) (BU group), or P. dorei (2 × 10⁸ CFU/day) (PD group) for 4 weeks and tested weekly for swimming endurance. (B and C) Swimming time to exhaustion of PBS-administered (n = 8), B. uniformis–administered (n = 8) (B), and P. dorei–administered (n = 8) (C) mice. The box-and-whisker plot illustrates the distribution of values within each group. The statistical significance of the differences between groups was analyzed using two-tailed Mann-Whitney U tests.