Table 4.
MICI score by language, content, and source.
MICI item | Prevalence | Transmission | Clinical symptoms | Screening testing | Treatment/outcomes | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Videos with information no (%) | MICI score mean ± SD | Videos with information no (%) | MICI score mean ± SD | Videos with information no (%) | MICI score mean ± SD | Videos with information no (%) | MICI score mean ± SD | Videos with information no (%) | MICI score mean ± SD | MICI score mean ± SD | |
Overall | 249 (44.3) | 0.98 ± 1.5 | 477 (84.9) | 2.13 ± 1.4 | 352 (62.6) | 1.52 ± 1.54 | 163 (29.0) | 0.45 ± 0.84 | 246 (43.8) | 0.68 ± 0.96 | 5.75 ± 4.35 |
| |||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
English (n = 75) | 32 (42.7) | 0.89 ± 1.24 | 51 (68) | 1.71 ± 1.62 | 38 (50.7) | 1.56 ± 1.9 | 24 (32) | 0.64 ± 1.22 | 42 (56) | 0.97 ± 1.09 | 5.77 ± 4.5 |
isiZulu (n = 54) | 20 (37) | 0.44 ± 0.72 | 43 (79.6) | 2.37 ± 1.57 | 29 (53.7) | 1.76 ± 2.04 | 10 (18.5) | 0.31 ± 0.8 | 15 (27.8) | 0.67 ± 1.26 | 5.56 ± 4.52 |
isiXhosa (n = 49) | 14 (28.6) | 0.33 ± 0.55 | 45 (91.8) | 2 ± 1.29 | 31 (63.3) | 1.45 ± 1.39 | 10 (20.4) | 0.37 ± 0.83 | 6 (12.2) | 0.22 ± 0.74 | 4.37 ± 3.2 |
Afrikaans (n = 50) | 10 (20) | 0.22 ± 0.46 | 45 (90) | 2.36 ± 1.06 | 30 (60) | 1.18 ± 1.26 | 9 (18) | 0.38 ± 0.95 | 20 (40) | 0.56 ± 0.79 | 4.7 ± 2.37 |
Nigerian pidgin (n = 53) | 14 (26.4) | 0.36 ± 0.68 | 42 (79.2) | 1.66 ± 1.27 | 30 (56.6) | 1 ± 1.02 | 4 (7.5) | 0.09 ± 0.35 | 14 (26.4) | 0.32 ± 0.58 | 3.43 ± 2.56 |
Hausa (n = 40) | 40 (100) | 2.17 ± 0.81 | 40 (100) | 2.62 ± 0.77 | 40 (100) | 2.85 ± 0.83 | 40 (100) | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 40 (100) | 1.43 ± 0.5 | 10.68 ± 1.58 |
Twi (n = 45) | 8 (17.8) | 0.18 ± 0.39 | 42 (93.3) | 2.11 ± 1.13 | 18 (40) | 1.11 ± 1.53 | 1 (2.2) | 0.02 ± 0.15 | 4 (8.9) | 0.16 ± 0.52 | 3.58 ± 2.86 |
Arabic (n = 50) | 20 (40) | 0.56 ± 0.91 | 34 (68) | 1.5 ± 1.37 | 32 (64) | 1.48 ± 1.5 | 7 (14) | 0.18 ± 0.48 | 23 (46) | 0.56 ± 0.73 | 4.28 ± 2.96 |
French (n = 46) | 19 (41.3) | 0.54 ± 0.78 | 40 (87) | 1.78 ± 1.25 | 25 (54.3) | 1.2 ± 1.24 | 5 (10.9) | 0.28 ± 0.86 | 17 (37) | 0.78 ± 1.19 | 4.59 ± 3.54 |
Swahili (n = 50) | 22 (44) | 0.6 ± 0.81 | 45 (90) | 1.48 ± 0.95 | 29 (58) | 1.36 ± 1.4 | 3 (6) | 0.12 ± 0.52 | 15 (30) | 0.38 ± 0.64 | 3.94 ± 2.92 |
Amharic (n = 50) | 50 (100) | 4.68 ± 1.1 | 50 (100) | 4.06 ± 0.24 | 50 (100) | 1.96 ± 1.44 | 50 (100) | 1.04 ± 0.28 | 50 (100) | 1.36 ± 1.05 | 13.1 ± 2.95 |
| |||||||||||
Content | |||||||||||
p | <0.001 | 0.02 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.88 | 0.55 | |
Informative (n = 471) | 208 (44.2) | 1.02 ± 1.58 | 424 (90) | 2.33 ± 1.35 | 309 (65.6) | 1.59 ± 1.54 | 136 (28.9) | 0.45 ± 0.85 | 208 (44.2) | 0.7 ± 1 | 6.1 ± 4.42 |
Misleading (n = 12) | 5 (41.7) | 0.5 ± 0.67 | 10 (83.3) | 1.83 ± 1.27 | 5 (41.7) | 1 ± 1.35 | 3 (25) | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 5 (41.7) | 0.67 ± 0.89 | 4.5 ± 4.42 |
News update (n = 59) | 35 (59.3) | 1.02 ± 1.04 | 34 (57.6) | 1.05 ± 1.21 | 31 (52.5) | 1.22 ± 1.46 | 18 (30.5) | 0.42 ± 0.72 | 26 (44.1) | 0.53 ± 0.68 | 4.24 ± 3.3 |
Personal experience (n = 20) | 1 (5) | 0.05 ± 0.22 | 9 (45) | 0.6 ± 0.75 | 7 (35) | 0.95 ± 1.64 | 6 (30) | 0.5 ± 0.95 | 7 (35) | 0.55 ± 0.89 | 2.65 ± 3.36 |
| |||||||||||
Source | |||||||||||
p | 0.06 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.63 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.33 | 0.08 | |
Independent users (n = 246) | 104 (42.3) | 0.96 ± 1.56 | 215 (87.4) | 2.26 ± 1.38 | 156 (63.4) | 1.6 ± 1.62 | 61 (24.8) | 0.35 ± 0.72 | 97 (39.4) | 0.65 ± 1.03 | 5.81 ± 4.68 |
Government (n = 84) | 38 (45.2) | 1.51 ± 2.08 | 78 (92.9) | 2.51 ± 1.43 | 53 (63.1) | 1.15 ± 1.17 | 36 (42.9) | 0.57 ± 0.84 | 38 (45.2) | 0.55 ± 0.68 | 6.3 ± 4.59 |
News agency (n = 118) | 65 (55.1) | 1.04 ± 1.18 | 81 (68.6) | 1.44 ± 1.28 | 67 (56.8) | 1.36 ± 1.46 | 35 (29.7) | 0.45 ± 0.77 | 59 (50) | 0.64 ± 0.75 | 4.94 ± 3.96 |
Academic institutions/hospitals (n = 93) | 33 (35.5) | 0.54 ± 0.89 | 84 (90.3) | 2.19 ± 1.34 | 62 (66.7) | 1.82 ± 1.71 | 26 (28) | 0.61 ± 1.16 | 44 (47.3) | 0.92 ± 1.2 | 6.09 ± 3.84 |
Medical adverts/for profit companies (n = 21) | 9 (42.9) | 0.62 ± 1.12 | 19 (90.5) | 2.52 ± 1.33 | 14 (66.7) | 1.62 ± 1.4 | 5 (23.8) | 0.43 ± 0.87 | 8 (38.1) | 0.62 ± 0.92 | 5.81 ± 3.25 |