Table 2.
Candidate Disease Modifying Therapy for PD Currently in Phase 2 or More Advanced Clinical Trials.
| Drugs | Trial number (abbreviation of trial name) |
Phase | Subjects | Primary outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-synuclein targeting therapy | ||||
| Monoclonal antibody | ||||
| PRX002 (prasinezumab) |
NCT03100149, BP39529, EudraCT-2017-000087-15 (PASADENA) |
2 | Early PD | MDS-UPDRS part I, II, III |
|
NCT04777331, BN42358, EudraCT-2020-004997-23 (PADOVA) |
2 | Early PD | MDS-UPDRS part III | |
| Vaccines | ||||
| PD01A | Not registered yet | 2 (in preparation) | PD | Unknown |
| Inhibitor of misfolding of α-synuclein | ||||
| NPT200-11 (UCB0599) | NCT04658186, PD0053, EudraCT- 2020-003265-19 | 2 | Early PD | MDS-UPDRS parts I, II, III |
| Enhancer of β-glucocerebrosidase | ||||
| Oral drug | ||||
| Ambroxol | NCT02914366, HSREB-105234, health Canada-181033 | 2 | PD with dementia | ADAS-Cog, CGIC |
| LTI-291 | Not registered yet | 2 (in preparation) | PD | Unknown |
| Gene therapy using adeno-associated virus 9 | ||||
| PR001 | NCT04127578, PRV-PD101 (PROPEL) | 1/2a | PD with GBA1mutation | Severe adverse event |
| Immunogenicity of AAV9 in blood/CSF | ||||
| Immunogenicity of Ccase in blood/CSF | ||||
| GLP-1 receptor agonists | ||||
| Exenatide | NCT04232969, 18/0320 (exnatide-PD3) | 3 | Mild to moderate PD | MDS-UPDRS part III |
| Sustained release Exenatide (PT320) | NCT04269642. PT320-201 | 2 | Early PD | MDS-UPDRS part III |
| Semaglutide | NCT03659682, 120262PARK (GIPD) | 2 | Newly diagnosed PD | MDS-UPDRS part III |
| Liraglutide | NCT02953665, U1111-1173-0106 | 2 | PD diagnosed at least 2 years | MDS-UPDRS, NMSS, MADRS-2 |
| Lixisenatide | NCT03439943, RC31/16/8912 (LixiPark) | 2 | Early PD | MDS-UPDRS part III |
| NLY01 | NCT04154072, NLY01-PD-1 | 2 | PD | MDS-UPDRS part II, III |
| Neuroprotective drugs | ||||
| c-Abl kinase inhibitor | ||||
| K0706 | NCT03655236, CLR_18_6 | 2 | Early PD | MDS-UPDRS parts II, III |
| Radotinib | NCT04691661, RT51EP1902 | 2 | Early PD without symptomatic medication | Incidence and severity of treatment emergent AEs |
| Antibiotics | ||||
| Ceftriaxone | NCT03413384, BRICEFA20170414 | 2 | Mild to moderate PDD | ADAS-Cog |
| Sigma-1 receptor agonist | ||||
| Blarcamesine (ANAVEX 2-73) | NCT04575259, ANAVEX2-73-PDD-EP-001 | 2 | PD with dementia | Number of participants with adverse events |
| Iron chelators | ||||
| Deferiprone |
NCT02655315, EudraCT-2015-003679-31 (FAIRPARKII) |
2 | Treatment naïve PD | Total MDS-UPDRS score |
| Analog of CoQ10 | ||||
| Idebenone | NCT04152655 (SEASEiPPD) | 2/3 | REM sleep behavior disorder | Diagnosis of PD |
| NCT03727295, SZDX-1 (ITEP) | 4 | Early PD | MDS-UPDRS part III, Hoehn and Yahr scale, olfactory function test, anxiety and depression scale | |
| Immunosuppressant | ||||
| Azathioprine | ISRCTN14616801, EudraCT-2018-003089-14 (AZA-PD) |
2 | Early PD | MDS-UPDRS part III |
| Statin | ||||
| Simvastatin | NCT02787590, ISRCTN16108482, EudraCT-2015-000148-40, PDSTAT2015 | 2 | PD with wearing-off phenomenon | MDS-UPDRS part III |
| Lovastatin | NCT03242499, NCTRC201702 | 2 | Early PD | MDS-UPDRS part III |
| Mitochondrial enhancer | ||||
| Ursodeoxycholic acid |
NCT03840005, STH18493, EudraCT-2018-001887-46 (UP study) |
2 | Early PD | Number of adverse treatment reactions |
| Number of serious adverse events | ||||
| Number of patients completing the study | ||||