Table 2.
GRADE evidence profile.
| Certainty assessment | No of patients | Certainty | Importance | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | Berries, cherries and oranges supplemented randomised controlled trials | Placebo controls | Relative (95% CI) | Absolute (95% CI) | ||
| Executive function (follow up: range 8 weeks to 16 weeks) | ||||||||||||
| 6 | RCT | seriousa | not serious | not serious | not serious | 134 | 135 | 3 | mean 0.08 SMD higher (1.05 lower to 1.08 higher) | 3 | IMPORTANT | |
| Memory (follow up: range 5 weeks to 24 weeks) | ||||||||||||
| 5 | RCT | seriousb | not serious | not serious | not serious | 156 | 151 | 3 | mean 0.02 SMD higher (1.04 lower to 0.92 higher) | 3 | IMPORTANT | |
| Psychomotor speed (follow up: range 5 weeks to 16 weeks) | ||||||||||||
| 7 | RCT | seriousc | not serious | not serious | not serious | 203 | 189 | 3 | mean 0.27 SMD higher (1.08 lower to 2.88 higher) | 3 | IMPORTANT | |
| Mood (follow up: range 1 week to 6 months) | ||||||||||||
| 10 | RCT | not serious | not serious | not serious | not serious | 232 | 225 | 3 | mean 24.9 % lower (0 to 0) | 3 | IMPORTANT | |
Author(s):
Question: Berries, cherries and oranges supplemented randomised controlled trials (RCT) compared to placebo controls for improving cognitive health
CI Confidence interval.
Explanations:
a(Boespflug et al., [46]) study did not specify randomisation and blinding process.
b(Chai et al., [41]) study was not blinded.
c(Boespflug et al., [46]) and (Chai et al., [41]) studies presented high risk of bias due to aforementioned reasons.