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. 2022 Nov 30;613(7945):721–728. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05569-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 3 — (a): CFU plating time course of WT and Δvca0040 V. cholerae. Onset of stationary phase occurs after 6 h. (b): Phase-contrast imaging of WT, Δvca0040 and Δvca0040 + vca0040 V. cholerae in overnight cultures in the indicated conditions. (c): Phase-contrast imaging time course of the indicated strains grown in LB at 30 °C for the indicated amount of time. (d): Timelapse imaging of Δvca0040 cells immobilized on an agarose pad from a 30 °C overnight culture. Images were acquired over 3 h of growth. (e): Imaging of V. cholerae treated with normal, boiled (10 min) or filtered (<3K MW cutoff) cell-free spent supernatant for 4 h at 30 °C. (f): Imaging of V. cholerae treated with vehicle (DMSO) or 3 mM of D- or L-Ala in fresh LB for 4 h at 30 °C. a: mean ± SD of n = 3 independent cultures per strain. b, c, e, f: representative images of n = 3 independent cultures per strain/condition. d: representative timelapse of a single cell representative of >20 sphere-shaped bacteria across n = 3 separate fields of view from a single overnight culture. Scale bars: 3 (b,c,f) or 5 (d,e) µm.