Table 1.
Basic characteristics of included studies in the present network meta-analysis
| Author | Country | Comparison | Sample size | Mean age, years | Isolation | Immediate restoration | Final restoration | Follow-up time, months |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ansari, et al. 2018 | Iran | 15.5% FS | 40 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | n.r | reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| 20.0% FC | 40 | |||||||
| Erdem, et al. 2011 | Turkey | 15.5% FS | 25 | 6.16 ± 0.69 | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 24 |
| 20.0% FC | 25 | |||||||
| Farrokh. 2011 | Iran | FS | 28 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 9 |
| FC | 24 | |||||||
| Fei, et al. 1991 | USA | 15.5% FS | 29 | 6.7 | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| 20.0% FC | 27 | |||||||
| Huth, et al. 2012 | Germany | 15.5% FS | 50 | 4.8 ± 1.6 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 36 |
| 20.0% FC | 50 | |||||||
| Ildeş, et al. 2021 | USA | 20.0% FS | 39 | 6.67 ± 1.08 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| FC | 40 | 6.83 ± 0.98 | ||||||
| Al-Mutairi, et al. 2013 | Saudi Arabia | 5% NaOCl | 41 | 5.88 ± 1.29 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| 20.0% FC | 41 | |||||||
| Chauhan, et al. 2017 | India | 5% NaOCl | 20 | 5.9 | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 6 |
| 20.0% FC | 20 | |||||||
| Ruby, et al. 2013 | Thailand | 3% NaOCl | 22 | 4.6 | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| 20.0% FC | 25 | 5.3 | ||||||
| Shabzendedar, et al. 2013 | Iran | 3% NaOCl | 50 | 4.3 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| 20.0% FC | 50 | |||||||
| Atasever, et al. 2019 | Turkey | 1.25% NaOCl | 40 | 7.39 ± 1.05 | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| 15.5% FS | 40 | |||||||
| Vargas, et al. 2006 | Utah | 5% NaOCl | 32 | 4–9 | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| 15.5% FS | 28 | |||||||
| NS | 30 | |||||||
| Farsi, et al. 2015 | Saudi Arabia | 5.25% NaOCl | 27 | 7.00 ± 1.40 | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 18 |
| 15.5% FS | 27 | 6.70 ± 0.98 | ||||||
| 20.0% FC | 27 | 7.50 ± 1.42 | ||||||
| Haideri, et al. 2021 | India | 20.0% FC | 20 | n.r | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| ProRoot MTA | 20 | |||||||
| Cordell, et al. 2021 | USA | 20.0% FC | 25 | n.a | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| ProRoot MTA | 25 | |||||||
| Abuelniel, et al. 2021 | Egypt | MTA | 30 | 7.3 ± 1.1 | Rubber dam | n.r | ZOE | SSC |
| Biodentine | 30 | |||||||
| Abd, et al. 2021 | Egypt | 20.0% FC | 24 | n.r | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| MTA | 24 | |||||||
| Ramanandvignesh, et al. 2020 | India | MTA | 18 | n.r | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 9 |
| Biodentine | 18 | |||||||
| Laser | 18 | |||||||
| Pei, et al. 2020 | China | 20.0% FC | 45 | 4.5 ± 1.2 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| Laser | 45 | 4.8 ± 1.5 | ||||||
| Alamoudi, et al. 2020 | Saudi Arabia | 20.0% FC | 18 | 5–8 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| Laser | 18 | |||||||
| Ahuja, et al. 2020 | India | 20.0% FC | 20 | 4–7 | Cotton rolls | ZOE plus zinc phosphate | amalgam | 9 |
| MTA | 20 | |||||||
| Biodentine | 20 | |||||||
| Abuelniel, et al. 2020 | Egypt | MTA | 25 | 7.5–9 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 18 |
| Biodentine | 25 | |||||||
| Mythraiye, et al. 2019 | India | MTA | 28 | n.r | Rubber dam | ZOE | SSC | 6 |
| Biodentine | 28 | |||||||
| Meligy, et al. 2019 | Saudi Arabia | 20.0% FC | 56 | 4–8 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| Biodentine | 56 | |||||||
| Çelik, et al. 2019 | Turkey | MTA | 24 | 5–9 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 24 |
| Biodentine | 20 | |||||||
| Nematollahi, et al. 2018 | Iran | 20.0% FC | 25 | 5–8 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 24 |
| MTA | 25 | |||||||
| Junqueira, et al. 2018 | Brazil | 15.5% FS | 16 | 5–9 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 18 |
| MTA | 15 | |||||||
| Rajasekharan, et al. 2017 | Belgium | ProRoot MTA | 29 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| Biodentine | 25 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | ||||||
| Juneja, et al. 2017 | India | 20.0% FC | 17 | 5–9 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 18 |
| MTA | 17 | |||||||
| Biodentine | 17 | |||||||
| Carti, et al. 2017 | Turkey | MTA | 25 | 7.4 ± 1.3 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| Biodentine | 25 | |||||||
| Cuadros, et al. 2016 | Spain | MTA | 45 | 4–9 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| Biodentine | 45 | |||||||
| Olatosi, et al. 2016 | Nigeria | FC | 25 | 4–7 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| MTA | 25 | |||||||
| Kusum, et al. 2015 | India | MTA | 25 | 6.5 ± 1.7 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 9 |
| Biodentine | 25 | 6.9 ± 1.7 | ||||||
| Gupta, et al. 2015 | India | FS | 10 | 4–10 | Rubber dam | reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| Laser | 10 | |||||||
| Oliveira, et al. 2013 | Brazil | CH | 15 | 5–9 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 24 |
| MTA | 15 | |||||||
| Fernández, et al. 2013 | Spain | 20.0% FS | 25 | 5–9 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 24 |
| 20.0% FC | 25 | |||||||
| 5% NaOCl | 25 | |||||||
| MTA | 25 | |||||||
| Sushynski, et al. 2012 | USA | FC | 114 | 2.5–10 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 24 |
| MTA | 108 | |||||||
| Srinivasan, et al. 2011 | India | FC | 50 | 4–6 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| MTA | 50 | |||||||
| Lin, et al. 2020 | China | 15.5% FS | 27 | 2–6 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 24 |
| 5% NaOCl | 27 | |||||||
| MTA | 27 | |||||||
| Zealand, et al. 2010 | Canada | FC | 103 | 5.6 ± 1.5 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| MTA | 100 | |||||||
| Alaçam, et al. 2009 | Turkey | FC | 35 | 4–8 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 12 |
| CH | 33 | |||||||
| Sonmez, et al. 2008 | Turkey | FS | 15 | 4–9 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 24 |
| FC | 13 | |||||||
| CH | 13 | |||||||
| MTA | 15 | |||||||
| Noorollahian. 2008 | Iran | FC | 27 | 5–7 | Rubber dam | Reinforced ZOE | SSC | 24 |
| MTA | 29 |
FC, formocresol; FS, ferric sulfate; NaOCl, sodium hypochlorite; CH, calcium hydroxide; MTA, mineral trioxide aggregate; ZOE, zinc oxide-eugenol; RZOE, reinforced ZOE; GIC, glass-ionomer cement; ZP, zinc phosphate; SSC, stainless steel crown; n.r., not reported; n.a., not available