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. 2023 Jan 25;9(1):1. doi: 10.1038/s41514-023-00098-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — The mRNA expression levels of genes associated with NAD⁺ consumption (Cd38, Parp1, and Sarm1; a–c), DNA damage (p16; d), and inflammation (Tnfα; e) in the ARC, VMH, DMH, and LH of young (3 months) and old (18 months) mice are shown (n = 3–5). The expression levels of each gene are normalized to those in the ARC of young mice. *p ≤ 0.05 **p ≤ 0.01 ***p ≤ 0.001 ****p ≤ 0.0001 by unpaired Student’s t-test. Error bars indicate s.e.m.