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. 2023 Jan 25;9:9. doi: 10.1038/s41531-023-00455-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — These evaluations were performed during healthy (white), parkinsonian PPN-LFS OFF (orange) and parkinsonian with PPN-LFS ON (orange with vertical lines) conditions. a Latency to the first sleep episode in the morning for M1 and M2, expressed in minutes (mean ± SEM). b Total sleep time during the day for M1 and M2, expressed in minutes (mean ± SEM). c Duration of continuous active wake periods for M1 and M2, expressed in minutes (mean ± SEM). d Stage shift index for M1 and M2, expressed in number of transition from one stage to another per hour (mean ± SEM). * p < 0.05 Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. e Typical example of matrices of transitions probabilities at healthy, parkinsonian PPN-LFS OFF and parkinsonian PPN-LFS ON. W = wake; 1,2,3= non-REM sleep stage N1, N2 and N3; R = REM sleep. f Transitions between wake and sleep stages, source stage (vertical) to destination stage (horizontal) according to the parkinsonian PPN-LFS OFF state (left) and the parkinsonian PPN-LFS ON state (right). Numbers in the matrices are the significant p values obtained with Wilcoxon rank sum test.