Table 2.
Study Population Characteristics across Levels of Perceived Walkability
| PERCEIVED WALKABILITY | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| VARIABLES | Unweighted | LOW (Scores 0–2) | MEDIUM (Scores 3–5) | HIGH (Scores 6–8) |
| N | Weighted Row % and (95% confidence intervals)† | |||
|
| ||||
| OUTCOMES | ||||
| Levels of Physical Activity | ||||
| Inactive/Insufficiently active (<150 minutes/week) | 13,580 | 10.5 (9.5,11.5) | 38.0 (36.6,39.5) | 51.5 (49.7,53.3) |
| Sufficiently active (≥150 minutes/week) | 13,942 | 6.2 (5.6,6.9) | 33.7 (32.4,35.0) | 60.1 (58.5,61.6) |
| Frequently Walks Near Home | ||||
| Never/Some of the time | 3,141 | 10.5 (9.1,12.1) | 33.1 (30.7,35.5) | 56.4 (53.7,59.1) |
| Most of the time/Almost always | 16,125 | 4.9 (4.3,5.4) | 35.0 (33.6,36.4) | 60.1 (58.5,61.7) |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 26,203 | 28.5 (28.2,28.8) | 28.1 (27.9,28.2) | 27.6 (27.4,27.7) |
|
| ||||
| Age in Years (18–85+) †† | 28,383 | 49.8 (48.9,50.6) | 49.8 (49.2,50.3) | 44.3 (43.9,44.7) |
| Biological Sex | ||||
| Male | 13,251 | 9.4 (8.6,10.2) | 33.7 (32.3,35.1) | 57.0 (55.3,58.6) |
| Female | 15,200 | 11.4 (10.5,12.4) | 36.4 (35.1,37.7) | 52.2 (50.6,53.8) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Single/Widowed/Separated | 12,242 | 8.0 (7.1,9.0) | 31.6 (30.1,33.1) | 60.5 (58.7,62.2) |
| Married/Partnered | 15,345 | 8.5 (7.7,9.2) | 38.7 (37.4,40.0) | 52.9 (51.3,54.5) |
| Federal Poverty Level | ||||
| <=138% | 6,518 | 13.4 (11.9,14.9) | 32.0 (30.4,33.7) | 54.6 (52.4,56.8) |
| >138–250% | 4,353 | 12.4 (11.0,13.9) | 35.1 (33.1,37.1) | 52.5 (50.3,54.8) |
| >250–400% | 4,003 | 10.0 (8.8,11.3) | 36.8 (34.7,38.9) | 53.3 (51.0,55.5) |
| >400% | 13,578 | 8.0 (7.3,8.8) | 36.4 (34.9,37.9) | 55.6 (53.9,57.3) |
| Education Level | ||||
| < Bachelor’s degree | 13,964 | 11.9 (11.0,12.9) | 35.9 (34.6,37.3) | 52.2 (50.5,53.8) |
| ≥ Bachelor’s degree | 14,364 | 8.1 (7.4,8.9) | 33.8 (32.4,35.2) | 58.1 (56.5,59.7) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 19,802 | 10.8 (10.0,11.6) | 40.5 (39.2,41.8) | 48.7 (47.1,50.3) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2,865 | 11.8 (10.0,13.9) | 27.2 (24.7,29.9) | 61.0 (57.8,64.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1,611 | 5.2 (47.1,53.5) | 26.0 (23.1,29.0) | 68.8 (65.5,72.0) |
| Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native | 157 | 27.3 (18.8,37.7) | 35.3 (27.8,43.7) | 37.4 (27.7,48.3) |
| Non-Hispanic other race | 506 | 10.4 (7.6,14.1) | 27.5 (23.0,32.5) | 62.1 (56.5,67.3) |
| Hispanic | 3,511 | 9.2 (7.2,11.6) | 24.7 (22.6,26.9) | 66.1 (62.8,69.3) |
| Employment Status | ||||
| Not employed last year or the past year/never | 8,679 | 10.8 (9.8,12.0) | 43.3 (41.5,45.0) | 45.9 (43.9,47.0) |
| Employed last week or the past year | 19,773 | 10.3 (9.5,11.0) | 32.3 (31.2,33.5) | 57.4 (56.0,58.9) |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 5,120 | 9.1 (7.4,11.1) | 31.2 (28.2,34.3) | 59.7 (55.9,63.5) |
| Midwest | 6,439 | 7.8 (6.7,9.0) | 36.6 (34.4,38.8) | 55.6 (52.8,58.4) |
| South | 9,703 | 16.0 (14.6,17.5) | 43.1 (41.3,45.0) | 40.9 (38.6,43.2) |
| West | 7,190 | 4.9 (4.1,5.9) | 24.1 (22.1,26.2) | 71.0 (68.4,73.4) |
| Urban-Rural Classification | ||||
| Large central metro | 8,595 | 5.4 (4.8,6.2) | 20.9 (19.2,22.6) | 73.7 (19.2,22.6) |
| Large fringe metro | 6,822 | 9.1 (8.0,10.3) | 37.3 (35.1,39.5) | 53.6 (50.9,56.2) |
| Medium and small metro | 8,969 | 12.4 (10.8,14.2) | 41.1 (39.1,43.1) | 46.6 (43.7,49.4) |
| Non-metropolitan | 4,066 | 20.0 (17.4,22.9) | 50.7 (47.7,53.7) | 29.3 (26.2,32.6) |
| Self-Reported Health Status | ||||
| Excellent | 7,118 | 8.9 (8.2,10.0) | 31.6 (34.4,37.5) | 59.4 (53.2,56.8) |
| Very good | 10,601 | 9.1 (45.7,48.4) | 35.9 (51.6,54.3) | 55.0 (53.2,56.8) |
| Good | 7,930 | 11.7 (60.0,62.9) | 35.8 (34.1,37.4) | 52.5 (50.6,54.4) |
| Fair/Poor | 2,787 | 15.6 (13.8,17.6) | 39.3 (6.8,41.9) | 45.1 (42.4,47.8) |
| Total chronic diseases (0–11) | 28,452 | 1.5 (1.4,1.6) | 1.4 (1.4,1.4) | 1.0 (1.0,1.1) |
Source: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS, 2020). National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) - Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention.
†
Note: Row percentages are presented and should equal 100% after rounding.
††
In the NHIS, age is top-coded at 85 to protect the confidentiality of the few participants aged >85 years