Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study cohort
| Study cohort (N=2405) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristica | n | (%)b |
| Age (years), mean[SD] | 48 | [10.3] |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1140 | (47.4) |
| Female | 1265 | (52.6) |
| Race | ||
| White | 2112 | (87.8) |
| Black | 238 | (9.9) |
| Other | 55 | (2.3) |
| Hispanic | 18 | (0.7) |
| Comorbidityc | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | 2214 | (92.1) |
| Obesityd | 2060 | (85.7) |
| Hypertension | 1826 | (75.9) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1365 | (56.8) |
| Smoker | 479 | (19.9) |
| Coronary artery disease | 450 | (18.7) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 251 | (10.4) |
| Neuropathy | 220 | (9.1) |
| Congestive heart failure | 120 | (5.0) |
| Foot ulcers | 76 | (3.2) |
| Stroke | 70 | (2.9) |
| Retinopathy | 68 | (2.8) |
| Nephropathy | 49 | (2.0) |
| Serious hypoglycemic event | 24 | (1.0) |
| End stage renal disease | 8 | (0.3) |
| Serious hyperglycemic event | 5 | (0.2) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 2 | (0.1) |
| History of bariatric procedure | 3 | (0.1) |
| At least one hospitalization | 263 | (10.9) |
| Body weight (lbs), mean[SD] | 237.6 | [53.7] |
| BMI, (kg/m2) mean[SD] | 37.2 | [7.5] |
| HbA1c (%), mean[SD] | 8.5 | [1.8] |
| HbA1c < 6.5% | 177 | (7.4) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl), mean[SD] | 0.99 | [0.4] |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl), mean[SD] | 88.8 | [35.3] |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl), mean[SD] | 42.9 | [12.3] |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl), mean[SD] | 169.6 | [43.8] |
| Prescribed GLP-1 agonist | ||
| Liraglutide | 1247 | (51.9) |
| Dulaglutide | 962 | (40.0) |
| Exenatide ER | 117 | (4.9) |
| Semaglutide | 39 | (1.6) |
| Exenatide | 28 | (1.2) |
| Albiglutide | 12 | (0.5) |
BMI, body mass index; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
a
Baseline characteristics were measured during the 365 day baseline period (prior to the first GLP-1 agonist dispense date).
b
Unless otherwise specified.
c
Based on ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM diagnostic codes.
d
According to ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM diagnostic codes or calculated baseline body mass index > 30 kg/m2.