Table 1.
Reports on bacterial therapeutic delivery vehicles (2017–2022)
| Delivery approach | Organism | Therapeutic or vaccine | Target disease | Modela | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secretion | E. coli Nissle | Tum-5 and p53 | B16 melanoma tumor | C57BL/6 mice | [82] |
| Cytotoxic compounds (colibactin, glidobactin, or luminmide) | UT-SCC-5, human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | Specific-pathogen-free female NMRI nude mice | [83] | ||
| Antimicrobials (Enterocin A, Enterocin B, and Hiracin JM79) | Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) | BALB/c mice | [84] | ||
| L. lactis | Proinsulin and interleukin-10 (IL-10) | Type 1 diabetes | NOD mice | [85] | |
| Pancreatitis-associated protein I (PAP) | Intestinal mucositis | BALB/c mice | [86] | ||
| Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) | HPV-induced cancer | C57BL/6 mice | [87] | ||
| Interleukin-35 (IL-35) | Collagen-induced arthritis | C57BL/6 mice | [88] | ||
| Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) | Parkinson’s disease | MPTP-treated C57BL/6 mice | [89] | ||
| GLP-1 | Obesity | High-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice | [90] | ||
| β-lactamase | Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis | C57BL/6 mice | [91] | ||
| L. reuteri | Interleukin-22 (IL-22) | Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | Human intestinal enteroids | [8] | |
| IL-22 | Fatty liver disease | Diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6mice | [6] | ||
| Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | ACE2 | Diabetic retinopathy | Diabetic eNOS−/− mice | [92] | |
| Bifidobacterium longum | Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) or α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-SH) | Colitis | DSS-treated nonpathogenic SD rats | [93] | |
| Bifidobacterium breve | Interleukin-24 (IL-24) | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | BALB/c male nude mice injected with WSU-HN6 cells | [94] | |
| Membrane vesicles (MVs) and BGs | BG derived from E. coli Nissle | Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cryo-lysate | Lung cancer tumor | C57BL/6 mice | [29] |
| MVs derived from N. meningitidis NZ98/254 | Vaccine: Bexsero® | N. meningitidis serogroup B | FDA approved for use in humans | [4] | |
| MVs derived from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis | Vaccine | S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis | C57BL/6 mice | [33] | |
| MVs derived from Acinetobacter baumannii | Antibiotic | Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) | C57BL/6 N mice | [26] | |
| BGs derived from E. coli Nissle | Ciprofloxacin | Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus | C57BL/6 mice | [95] | |
| MV derived from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | Keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) | Acute colitis | DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice | [96] | |
| MV derived from E. coli | Tumor antigen | Lung melanoma | C57BL/6 mice | [97] | |
| Antigen/toxin display | Various lactobacilli | Vaccine (fusion antigen AgE6) | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | C57BL/6 BomTac mice | [40] |
| Bacillus toyonensis | Vaccine [tetanus toxin (TTFC)] | Tetanus | BALB/c mice | [39] | |
| Lysis | L. reuteri | IL-22 (phage-mediated lysis) | Alcohol-induced liver disease | Ethanol-binge-fed B6 mice | [51] |
| Increase survival of mice exposed to total body irradiation | C57BL/6NTac and C57BL/6 Lgr5+ mice | [52,54,55] | |||
| L. monocytogenes | Ovalbumin protein (lyses following phagocytosis) | Allergy vaccine | C57BL/6 mice | [56] | |
| S. enterica serovar Typhimurium | Caspase-3 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | BALB/c and C57L/J mice | [98] |
a
Abbreviations: DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; NMRI, Naval Medical Research Institute.