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. 2022 Dec 15;2(7):787–802. doi: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2022.09.010

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Central Illustration — The Disrupted Homeostasis of Endothelium-Derived Factors in PAH Progression

During pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) development, endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)/endothelium-derived contracting factor (EDCF) imbalance, platelet aggregation, and leukocyte adhesion all lead to endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction. 5-HT = 5-hydroxytryptamine; ADP = adenosine diphosphate; Ang = angiotensin; ATP = adenosine triphosphate; CRTH2 = prostaglandin D₂ receptor 2; EET = epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; ET = endothelin; PAEC = pulmonary artery endothelial cell; PASMC = pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell; PG = prostaglandin; TXA₂ = thromboxane A₂.