TABLE 3.

Interrupted time series analysis results for antidepressant, antipsychotic, antianxiety, hypnotic, and opioid medication use among long‐stay nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias pre‐COVID‐19 and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

	Antidepressant		Antipsychotic		Antianxiety		Hypnotic		Opioid
	Est.	95% CI	Est.	95% CI	Est.	95% CI	Est.	95% CI	Est.	95% CI
Period 1 (Jan 2018–Feb 2020): Pre‐COVID‐19
% Use at beginning of period 1 (Jan 2018)	54.6		15.1		19.6		1.0		29.7
Slope during pre‐COVID‐19 period	−0.04	−0.08, −0.001*	−0.02	−0.04, 0.01	−0.09	−0.10, −0.07**	−0.02	−0.03, −0.01**	−0.19	−0.21, −0.17**
Period 2 (Mar 2020–Jun 2021): during COVID‐19
Slope during COVID‐19 period	0.37	0.28, 0.45**	0.05	0.01, 0.09*	0.08	0.04, 0.13*	−0.01	−0.02, 0.01	0.04	0.001, 0.09*
Slope change pre‐ and during COVID‐19	0.41	0.31, 0.50**	0.07	0.02, 0.12*	0.17	0.13, 0.21**	0.01	−0.001, 0.03	0.24	0.19, 0.29**
% Use at end of period 2 (Jun 2021)	58.0		15.5		18.7		0.4		24.6

Note: Residents with diagnoses of Huntington's disease, Tourette syndrome, or schizophrenia were excluded. Prevalence reported in the predicted percent from the interrupted time series model.

Abbreviations: Est., estimate; 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval.

^* p < .05.

^** p < 0.001.