TABLE 1.
Inflammatory outcomes of COVID‐19 patients treated with plasma exchange
| Author | Published | Design | Population | n | Treatment (number of sessions, plasma volume, replacement fluid) | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gluck et al. | December 2020 | Single center, case series | Requirement of supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation | 10 | Five sessions, 1.0 plasma volumes, 5% Human albumin or FFP | Decreased C‐reactive protein, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and TNF‐α |
| Luo et al. | May 2020 | Single center, case series | Severe COVID‐19 | 3 | NA, NA, NA | Decrease in C‐reactive protein and IL‐6 and increase in Prothrombin time and Lymphocyte count |
| Fernandez et al. | December 2020 | Single center, case series | Critical illness with pneumonia | 4 | Two to six sessions, 1.2 plasma volumes, 5% Human albumin | Decreased levels TNF‐α, IL‐6, G‐CSF, Ferritin and D‐dimer |
| Zhang et al. | May 2020 | Single center, case series | Acute respiratory distress | 3 | One session, 3000 ml volume, FFP | Reduced neutrofile‐to‐lymphocyte ratio |
| Faqihi et al. | April 2021 | Single‐center open‐label, randomized clinical trial | Mechanical ventilation and multi‐organ failure | PLEX: 43 Control: 44 | One to five sessions, 1.0–1.5 plasma volumes, FFP or Octaplas LG | PLEX: Decreased Ferritin, C‐reactive protein, D‐dimer, and IL‐6 Controls: Decreased C‐reactive protein, D‐dimer and IL‐6 |
| Gucyetmez et al. | August 2020 | Multi‐center, case series | Critical illness, ICU admission | 18 | Three sessions, NA, NA | Decreased D‐dimer, Ferritin, IL‐6, C‐reactive protein and Pro‐calcitonin |
| Jaiswal et al. | January 2021 | Multi‐center, case series | Respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress or shock | 14 | One session, 30–40 ml/kg plasma volume, convalescent plasma | Decreased C‐reactive protein |
| Truong et al. | December 2020 | Single‐center, case series | Critical illness and hyperviscosity | 6 | Two to three sessions, NA, NA | Decreased plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, D‐dimer, and C‐reactive protein |
| Arulkumaran et al. | November 2020 | Single‐center, case series | Respiratory failure | 5 | Five sessions, 3000 ml plasma volume, Octaplas LG | Reduced levels of vWF, Ferritin, D‐dimer, and Fibrinogen |
| Roshandel et al. | April 2021 | Single center, case series | Acute respiratory distress and mechanical ventilation | 5 | Two sessions, 1500–2000 ml, 0.9% saline with 5% Human albumin and FFP | Reduced levels of C‐reactive protein and IL‐6 |
| Hashemian et al. | December 2020 | Single‐center, case series | Acute respiratory distress | 15 | NA, 40 ml/kg plasma volume, 5% Human albumin and 0.9% saline or FFP | Decreased TNF‐α, IL‐6, Ferritin, C‐reactive protein |
| Keith et al. | September 2020 | Single‐center, case series | Sepsis, acute respiratory distress and multi‐organ failure | 8 | Two to seven sessions, 1.0 plasma volume, FFP | Decrease in C‐reactive protein and Ferritin |
| Khamis et al. | June 2020 | Single‐center, case‐series | Acute respiratory distress and multi‐organ failure | 11 | Five sessions, hematocrit‐adjusted plasma volume, FFP | Decreased IL‐6, C‐reactive protein, D‐dimer and Ferritin |
| Morath et al. | August 2020 | Single center, case series | Respiratory failure | 5 | One to two sessions, median 3.4 L plasma volume, FFP | Reduced levels of C‐reactive protein, IL‐6, Ferritin, and D‐dimer |
Abbreviations: FFP, Fresh frozen plasma; G‐CSF, Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor; ICU, Intensive care unit; IL, Interleukin; NA, Not available; PLEX, Plasma exchange; TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; vWF, Von Willebrand Factor.