Table 1.
Comparative baseline characteristics of COVID‐19 patients with and without CHF
| Total cohort | HF subgroup | Non‐HF subgroup | P age‐adjusted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 5616 | n = 917 | n = 4699 | ‐ | |
| Age (years); median (IQR) | 58 [48–68] | 69 [63–79] | 56 [45–65] | 0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 2561 (45.6) | 444 (48.4) | 2119 (45.1) | 0.001 |
| Died, n (%) | 348 (6.2) | 161 (17.7) | 187 (4.0) | 0.001 |
| CT 3–4, n (%) | 1100 (19.6) | 253 (27.4) | 847 (18.0) | 0.001 |
| SpO2 75–94%, n (%) | 2302 (41.0) | 568 (62.0) | 1734 (36.9) | 0.001 |
| SpO2 < 75%, n (%) | 72 (1.3) | 38 (4.1) | 34 (0.7) | 0.001 |
| Glucose ≥7 mmol/L in patients with diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 711/984 (72.3) | 228/298 (76.5) | 483/686 (70.5) | 0.04 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 3111 (55.4) | 809 (88.1) | 2302 (49.0) | 0.001 |
| Obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), n (%) | 1952 (34.8) | 367 (39.9) | 1585 (33.7) | 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 1156 (20.6) | 653 (71.2) | 503 (10.7) | 0.001 |
| Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) | 321 (5.7) | 213 (23.2) | 108 (2.3) | 0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 240 (4.3) | 107 (11.7) | 133 (2.8) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2, n (%) | 984 (17.5) | 298 (32.6) | 686 (14.6) | 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 383 (6.8) | 242 (26.4) | 141 (3.0) | 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 422 (7.5) | 188 (20.6) | 234 (5.0) | 0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 259 (4.6) | 99 (10.8) | 160 (3.4) | 0.001 |
| Anaemia, n (%) | 1504 (26.8) | 369 (40.1) | 1135 (24.1) | 0.001 |
| SpO2(%); median [IQR] | 95 [93–97] | 93 [90–95] | 95 [93–97] | 0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L); median [IQR] | 130 [118–141] | 125 [111–136] | 131 [120–142] | 0.001 |
| Leukocytes (×109/L); median [IQR] | 7 [5.4–9.72] | 8.3 [6.1–11.7] | 6.9 [5.3–9.2] | 0.001 |
| Lymphocytes (%);median [IQR] | 18.8 [10–28] | 14.55 [7.4–21.9] | 20 [10.3–29.4] | 0.001 |
| C‐reactive protein (mg/L); median [IQR] | 34.3 [12–90] | 45.05 [18.1–102.0] | 31.1 [10.61–86.0] | 0.001 |
| D‐dimer (μg FEU/mL); median [IQR] | 0.77 [0.35–1.81] | 1.1 [0.35–2.18] | 0.74 [0.35–1.61] | 0.04 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2); median [IQR] | 70.07 [54.46–86.51] | 56.26 [39.84–73.95] | 72.55 [58.19–89.09] | 0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (units/L); median [IQR] | 34 [24.0–52.0] | 37 [25.3–55.0] | 34 [23.5–51.0] | 0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (units/L); median [IQR] | 33 [21.0–58.4] | 31.65 [20.0–51.0] | 33.5 [21.0–59.0] | 0.02 |
| Glucose in non‐diabetic patients (mmol/L); median [IQR] | 5.6 [5.0–6.5] | 5.98 [5.0–7.0] | 5.6 [5.0–6.5] | 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL); median [IQR] | 0.16 [0.06–0.40] | 0.21 [0.11–0.50] | 0.13 [0.05–0.36] | 0.001 |
| Troponin I (ng/mL); median [IQR] | 0.03 [0.0–0.1] | 0.08 [0.02–0.13] | 0.01 [0.00–0.06] | 0.001 |
| Complications | ||||
| Deep vein thrombosis, n (%) | 23 (0.4) | 10 (1.1) | 13 (0.3) | 0.03 |
| Pulmonary embolism, n (%) | 34 (0.6) | 14 (1.5) | 20 (0.4) | 0.12 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 26 (0.5) | 13 (1.3) | 13 (0.3) | 0.22 |
| Bacterial pneumonia, n (%) | 552 (9.8) | 183 (20.1) | 369 (7.9) | 0.001 |
| ARDS, n (%) | 331 (5.9) | 148 (16.2) | 183 (3.9) | 0.001 |
| Cytokine storm, n (%) | 1306 (23.3) | 294 (31.8) | 1012 (21.5) | 0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 490 (8.7) | 152 (16.6) | 338 (7.2) | 0.001 |
| Myocarditis, n (%) | 17 (0.3) | 4 (0.4) | 13 (0.3) | 0.63 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 17 (0.3) | 10 (1.1) | 7 (0.1) | 0.01 |
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CT, computerized tomography; CT 4, 75–100% lesion; CT 3, 50–75% lesion; FEU, fibrinogen equivalent units; IQR, interquartile range; SpO2, saturated partial pressure of oxygen.