TABLE A1.

The experiences of some countries in hybrid systems

Year	Publication	Country	Components	Load kWh/day‐ kWpeak	Grid	$/kWh
2015	Gan et al. 67	Scotland	Wind/PV/diesel	15 kWh/day	Off‐grid	0.78
2015	Diab et al. 68	Egypt	PV/wind/diesel/battery	1100 kwh/day	Off‐grid	0.19
2020	Alzaid et al. 69	Saudi Arabia	Wind/PV	5 kW/h	Off‐grid	0.33
2019	Major & Oshiemele 70	Nigeria	Wind/diesel	50 MWpeak	Off‐grid	0.077
2016	Ani 71	Nigeria	PV/diesel	69 kWh/day.	Off‐grid	0. 745
2019	Nurunnabi et al. 72	Bangladesh	Wind/PV	2687.54 kwh/day	On‐grid	0.097
2019	Nurunnabi et al. 72	Bangladesh	Wind/PV	1521.37 kWh/day	Off‐grid	0.288
2020	Rehman 73	Saudi Arabia	PV/diesel	11,160 kWh/day	Off‐grid	0.349
2015	El Khashab & Al Ghamedi 74	Saudi Arabia	PV/wind/fuel cell	16 kWh/day	On‐grid	0.36
2015	Jasim et al. 75	Iraq	PV/diesel	76 kW peak	Off‐grid	3.43
2019	El Attafi 76	Morocco	PV/wind	3626 kW peak	Off‐grid	0.130
2019	Ali and Jang 77	South Korea	PV/Wind	7.296 MWh/yr	Off‐grid	0.123
2015	Diab et al. 22	Egypt	PV/wind/diesel/battery	10,000 kWh/day	Off‐grid	0.17
2020	Costa & Villalva 78	Brazil	PV/diesel	6.16 kWh/day 4.08 kWpeak	Off‐grid	0.126
2021	Falama et al. 79	Cameroon	PV/battery	12,231 Wh peak	On‐grid	0.15
2018	Richa & Karaki 80	Lebanon	PV/diesel	23 MWpeak/yr	Off‐grid	0.0081
2021	Canziani et al. 81	Peru	PV//diesel/battery	23 kWh	Off‐grid	0.267
2013	Bahta 82	Ethiopia	PV/wind/diesel/battery	1505 kWh/day	Off‐grid	0.348
2016	Alayan 83	Lebanon	PV/diesel	1775 kWh/day	On‐grid	0.12
2021	Maoulida et al. 84	Comoros	PV/wind/diesel	63 kWh/day	Off‐grid	0.198
2016	Hassan et al. 85	Iraq	PV/wind/diesel	93 kWh/day	Off‐grid	0.321
2014	Nour & Rohani 86	UAE	PV/diesel	24 MWh/day	Off‐grid	0.313
2016	Sawle et al. 87	China	PV/wind/diesel/battery	110.6 kWh/day	Off‐grid	0.099
2021	Chauhan et al. 88	India	PV/diesel/battery	89.80 kWpeak	Off‐grid	0.261
2017	Rajbongshi et al. 89	India	PV/biomass gasifier/diesel and grid	178 kWh/day	On‐grid	0.91