Table 1.
Comparison of demographic characteristics and clinical data between two groups of study
| Variables | Total participants (n = 250) | Intervention group (n = 125) | Control group (n = 125) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male (%) | 138 (55.2) | 64 (51.2) | 74 (59.2) | 0.203a |
| Female (%) | 112 (44.8) | 61 (48.8) | 51 (40.8) | ||
| Age (year) | Mean ± SD (Range) | 55.01 ± 16.13 (18−90) | 57.25 ± 15.80 (18−90) | 52.77 ± 16.21 (24−89) | 0.022 * , b |
| Median (IQR) | 54 (41‐67) | 56 (45−71) | 53 (39−65) | ||
| Hight (cm) | Mean ± SD (Range) | 169.76 ± 10.24 (124−194) | 169.53 ± 10.62 (150−194) | 169.99 ± 9.88 (124−191) | 0.548b |
| Median (IQR) | 170 (161−178) | 168 (160−179) | 169.9 (162. 5−178) | ||
| Weight (kg) | Mean ± SD (Range) | 77.86 ± 17.08 (50–171) | 76.72 ± 18.87 (50−171) | 78.96 ± 15.08 (50−120) | 0.112b |
| Median (IQR) | 76 (67−86) | 75 (64−85) | 78 (67.5−87.5) | ||
| BMI | Mean ± SD (Range) | 27.07 ± 5.79 (16.79−60.55) | 26.77 ± 6.63 (16.79−60.55) | 27.37 ± 4.81 (19.53−43.57) | 0.052b |
| Median (IQR) | 26.19 (23.30−29.37) | 25.05 (22.8−28.7) | 26.66 (23.8−29.7) | ||
| Smoking status | Yes (%) | 19 (7.6) | 10 (8) | 9 (7.2) | 0.811a |
| No (%) | 231 (92.4) | 115 (92) | 116 (92.8) | ||
| Comorbidities | Yes (%) | 111 (44.4) | 56 (44.8) | 55 (44) | 0.899a |
| No (%) | 139 (55.6) | 69 (55.2) | 70 (56) | ||
| Comorbidity | DM (%) | 49 (19.6) | 23 (18.4) | 26 (20.8) | 0.633a |
| types | HTN (%) | 63 (25.2) | 29 (23.2) | 34 (27.2) | 0.466a |
| IHD (%) | 26 (10.4) | 14 (11.2) | 12 (9.6) | 0.679a | |
| CKD (%) | 20 (8.1) | 8 (6.4) | 12 (9.6) | 0.351a | |
| Cancer (%) | 6 (2.3) | 5 (4) | 1 (0.8) | 0.213c | |
| Asthma (%) | 8 (3.2) | 6 (4.8) | 2 (1.6) | 0.281c | |
| COPD (%) | 4 (1.6) | 3 (2.4) | 1 (0.8) | 0.622c | |
| Hospital LOS | Mean ± SD (Range) | 11.89 ± 3.56 (7−37) | 11.98 ± 3.61 (8−31) | 11.81 ± 3.52 (7–37) | 0.814b |
| Median (IQR) | 11 (10−13) | 11 (10−13) | 12 (10−13) | ||
| ICU needed | Yes (%) | 23 (9.2) | 9 (7.2) | 14 (11.2) | 0.274a |
| No (%) | 227 (90.8) | 116 (92.8) | 111 (88.8) | ||
| Mortality | Yes (%) | 53 (21.2) | 4 (3.2) | 49 (39.2) | <0.001 * , a |
| No (%) | 197 (78.8) | 121 (96.8) | 76 (60.8) | ||
Note: Bold values are statistically significant p values.
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; IHD, ischemic heart disease; HTN, hypertension.
a
p Value based on χ 2 test;
b
p Value based on Mann–Whitney u test;
c
p Value based on Fisher exact test;
*
p < 0.05 considered as significant.