Table 4.
Regression results for total, direct and indirect effects (n = 953)
| Effect | Hypothesis | Estimate | SE | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total effect | H1: surface acting → turnover intention | 0.481*** | 0.031 | [0.420, 0.543] |
| Direct effect | H2: surface acting → emotional exhaustion | 0.532*** | 0.029 | [0.475, 0.589] |
| H3: emotional exhaustion → turnover intention | 0.403*** | 0.033 | [0.339, 0.467] | |
| Surface acting → turnover intention | 0.267*** | 0.034 | [0.200, 0.333] | |
| Indirect effect | H4: surface acting → emotional exhaustion → turnover intention | 0.214*** | 0.021 | [0.175, 0.256] |
Covariates controlled (gender, age, marital status, educational background, and family yearly income) in the modeling analysis were found to be statistically insignificant
SE standard error, CI confidence interval
***P < 0.001