Table 1.
Baseline sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of HKOA participants according to the frequency of baseline physical activity, n (%)
|
All, n = 1086 |
Frequency of baseline physical activity | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Non-frequent, n = 855 |
Frequent, n = 69 |
Very frequent, n = 162 |
|||
| Sociodemographic | |||||
| Women | 774 (71.3%) | 603 (70.5%) | 57 (82.6%) | 114 (70.4%) | 0.099 |
| Age | 0.001 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 65.4 (11.4) | 66.1 (11.3) | 65.1 (9.7) | 61.7 (12.2) | |
| < 55 | 187 (17.2%) | 141 (16.5%) | 8 (11.6%) | 38 (23.5%) | |
| 55–64 | 288 (26.5%) | 211 (24.7%) | 23 (33.3%) | 54 (33.3%) | |
| 65–74 | 368 (33.9%) | 290 (33.9%) | 27 (39.1%) | 51 (31.5%) | |
| ≥ 75 | 243 (22.4%) | 213 (24.9%) | 11 (15.9%) | 19 (11.7%) | |
| Region (NUTS II) | 0.502 | ||||
| North | 290 (26.7%) | 235 (27.5%) | 17 (24.6%) | 38 (23.5%) | |
| Center | 268 (24.7%) | 216 (25.3%) | 18 (26.1%) | 34 (21.0%) | |
| Lisbon | 183 (16.9%) | 134 (15.7%) | 11 (15.9%) | 38 (23.5%) | |
| Alentejo | 74 (6.8%) | 61 (7.1%) | 3 (4.4%) | 10 (6.2%) | |
| Algarve | 22 (2.0%) | 16 (1.9%) | 3 (4.4%) | 3 (1.9%) | |
| Islands | 249 (22.9%) | 193 (22.6%) | 17 (24.6%) | 39 (24.1%) | |
| Marital status | 0.613 | ||||
| With partner | 696 (64.1%) | 544 (63.6%) | 48 (69.6%) | 104 (64.2%) | |
| Education level | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 4 years | 268 (24.7%) | 240 (28.1%) | 8 (11.6%) | 20 (12.5%) | |
| 4–9 years | 685 (63.1%) | 543 (63.5%) | 47 (68.1%) | 95 (58.6%) | |
| ≥ 10 years | 133 (12.2%) | 72 (8.4%) | 14 (20.3%) | 47 (29.0%) | |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.119 | ||||
| Underweight/normal weight | 190 (18.9%) | 144 (18.4%) | 10 (15.5%) | 36 (22.9%) | |
| Overweight | 416 (41.3%) | 313 (40.0%) | 34 (51.5%) | 69 (44.0%) | |
| Obese | 400 (39.8%) | 326 (41.6%) | 22 (33.3%) | 52 (33.1%) | |
| Smoking habits | 0.262 | ||||
| Never | 812 (74.8%) | 643 (75.3%) | 55 (79.7%) | 114 (70.4%) | |
| In the past | 196 (18.1%) | 145 (17.0%) | 11 (15.9%) | 40 (24.7%) | |
| Daily/occasionally | 77 (7.1%) | 66 (7.7%) | 3 (4.4%) | 8 (4.9%) | |
| Clinical | |||||
| Multimorbidity | 704 (71.5%) | 566 (73.4%) | 39 (62.9%) | 99 (65.1%) | 0.036 |
| Hospitalization (previous year) | 130 (11.9%) | 112 (13.1%) | 6 (7.7%) | 12 (7.4%) | 0.084 |
| Unmanageable pain levels (≥ 5 NPRS) | 0.017 | ||||
| Yes | 764 (73.9%) | 618 (75.9%) | 45 (66.2%) | 101 (66.4%) | |
| Clinical severity (inverted HOOS/KOOS) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Low | 336 (33.7%) | 239 (30.4%) | 25 (38.5%) | 72 (49.7%) | |
| Medium | 332 (33.3%) | 266 (33.8%) | 23 (35.4%) | 43 (29.7%) | |
| High | 328 (32.9%) | 281 (35.8%) | 17 (26.1%) | 30 (20.7%) | |
The sample size is not consistent due to missing values in some variables: BMI—all (n = 1006), non-frequent physical activity (n = 783), frequent (n = 66), very frequent (n = 157); smoking habits—all (n = 1085), non-frequent (n = 854); multimorbidity—all (n = 985), non-frequent (n = 771), frequent (n = 62), very frequent (n = 152); hospitalization—all (n = 1085), non-frequent (n = 854); unmanageable pain levels—all (n = 1034), non-frequent (n = 814), frequent (n = 68), very frequent (n =); clinical severity—all (n = 996), non-frequent (n = 786), frequent (n = 65), very frequent (n = 145)
The Islands region consists of Madeira and Azores. The chi-squared test notes NUTS II Alentejo and Algarve regions were merged due to an expected cell count < 5
BMI, body mass index; NPRS, Numeric Pain Rating Scale; NUTS II, nomenclature of territorial units for statistics II; SD, standard deviation