Table 1.

Glass ionomer cements used in the study.

Materials	Type	Manufacturer	Composition
Riva Silver	Silver-alloy reinforced GIC	SDI, Australia	Liquid: acrylic acid homopolymer; tartaric acid. Powder: glass powder; acrylic acid homopolymer; alloy powder
Equia Forte HT	Bulk fill glass hybrid restorative system	GC, Tokyo, Japan	Powder: fluoroaluminosilicate glass, polyacrylic acid, iron oxide Liquid: polybasic carboxylic acid, water
ChemFil Rock	Zinc-reinforced glass ionomer	Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany	Calcium-aluminium-zinc-fluoro-phosphor-silicate glass, polycarboxylic acid, iron oxide pigments, titanium dioxide pigments, tartaric acid, water
Ketac™ Molar Easymix	Conventional glass-ionomer cement	3M-ESPE, Germany	Powder: Al-Ca-La fluorosilicate glass, 5% copolymer acid (acrylic and maleic acid) Liquid: Polyalkenoic acid, tartaric acid, water