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. 2023 Jan 25;20:4. doi: 10.1186/s12950-023-00328-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — β-FNA effects on LPS-induced behavioral deficits in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Mice (n = 11–12/group) were injected (i.p.) with saline (control), LPS (0.83 mg/kg), and LPS followed immediately by β-FNA treatment (50 mg/kg; i.p.; LPS + β-FNA), or LPS followed by β-FNA 10 h post-LPS (LPS + β-FNA 10 h). 24 h post-LPS, assessment of mice was conducted via A-C 10 min open-field test (OFT) and D 5 min elevated plus maze (EPM). Data are reported as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of treatment (p < 0.0001) on distance moved in the OFT, but no significant effect of sex (p = 0.33) and no significant interaction of treatment and sex (p = 0.07). Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of sex (p < 0.01) on duration in the center but no main effect of treatment (p = 0.85) or interaction (p = 0.33). Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of sex (p < 0.01) on duration along the wall but no main effect of treatment (p = 0.84) or interaction (p = 0.31). Two-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of sex (p < 0.03) and treatment (p < 0.01) on time in the open arms in the EPM, but no significant interaction (p = 0.52). Pairwise comparisons were assessed using a Fisher’s LSD test; * indicates p < 0.05 vs. saline group; # indicates p < 0.05 vs. LPS group. Δ indicates p < 0.05 vs. males LPS