. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 26.

Published in final edited form as: SSM Ment Health. 2022 Oct 17;2:100168. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100168

Table 4.

Mean scores on Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale (DBDRS) – Oppositional Defiant Disorder subscale by language and clinical caseness (N = 328).

Item	English item	Keep	t-tests by language			t-tests by caseness (combined)			t-tests by caseness (Hausa)			t-tests by caseness (Pidgin)
Item	English item	Keep	Hausa n = 194	Pidgin n = 136	p	Non-case n = 271	Case n = 59	p	Non-case n = 159	Case n = 33	p	Non-case n = 111	Case n = 25	p
DBDRS-1	Loses temper	Yes	2.0	2.0		2.0	2.3	^**	2.0	2.2	^*	1.9	2.4	^**
DBDRS-2	Argues with adults	Yes	1.6	1.6		1.5	1.9	^***	1.6	1.8	^*	1.5	2.0	^**
DBDRS-3	Defies adults		2.2	2.9	^***	2.5	2.4		2.2	2.2		3.0	2.5	^**
DBDRS-4	Annoys people	Yes	1.5	1.5		1.4	1.7	^**	1.4	1.9	^***	1.5	1.4
DBDRS-5	Blames others	Yes	1.4	1.6		1.4	1.9	^***	1.3	1.9	^***	1.5	1.8	^*
DBDRS-6	Easily annoyed	Yes	2.2	2.0		2.0	2.4	^***	2.1	2.5	^**	2.0	2.4	^*
DBDRS-7	Angry/resentful	Yes	2.0	2.1		2.0	2.3	^**	1.9	2.2		2.0	2.7	^**
DBDRS-8	Vindictive	Yes	1.6	1.3	^***	1.5	1.7	^**	1.6	1.8		1.3	1.8	^***
ODD-full	8 items		14.6	15.0	ns	14.3	16.7	^***	14.1	16.5	^***	14.6	17.0	^***
ODD-cut	7 items		12.4	12.1	ns	11.8	14.3	^***	10.3	12.5	^***	10.3	12.7	^***
ODD Cases			17%	18%	ns

p < 0.20.

^**

p < 0.05.

^***

p < 0.01.