TABLE 2.
Nutrients intakes between tertiles of plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI).
| Variables | PDI | hPDI | uPDI | |||||||||
| T1 (n = 88) | T2 (n = 85) | T3 (n = 88) | P | T1 (n = 90) | T2 (n = 87) | T3 (n = 84) | P | T1 (n = 88) | T2 (n = 83) | T3 (n = 90) | P | |
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1961.95 ± 247.88 | 2161.47 ± 337.90 | 2257.15 ± 409.28 | <0.001 | 2219.61 ± 376.18 | 2104.17 ± 362.39 | 2050.18 ± 316.83 | 0.006 | 2324.99 ± 400.36 | 2100.44 ± 276.48 | 1959.64 ± 287.00 | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 286.81 ± 36.84 | 319.59 ± 49.66 | 336.79 ± 56.70 | <0.001 | 325.19 ± 58.96 | 313.30 ± 52.00 | 303.92 ± 43.44 | 0.02 | 399.07 ± 57.96 | 310.57 ± 42.46 | 294.10 ± 45.90 | <0.001 |
| Protein (g/day) | 65.55 ± 11.93 | 68.17 ± 11.81 | 67.90 ± 14.95 | 0.34 | 68.29 ± 11.77 | 66.00 ± 13.53 | 67.26 ± 13.74 | 0.50 | 77.35 ± 12.64 | 67.98 ± 9.15 | 56.67 ± 6.79 | <0.001 |
| Fat (g/day) | 68.41 ± 8.80 | 75.34 ± 14.35 | 78.69 ± 16.92 | <0.001 | 78.45 ± 14.65 | 73.03 ± 15.07 | 70.65 ± 12.23 | 0.001 | 81.75 ± 15.96 | 72.85 ± 11.52 | 67.99 ± 11.72 | <0.001 |
| Fiber (g/day) | 29.41 ± 6.38 | 30.98 ± 4.95 | 32.83 ± 6.32 | 0.001 | 28.48 ± 4.96 | 30.90 ± 5.25 | 34.09 ± 6.65 | <0.001 | 36.35 ± 5.79 | 30.39 ± 4.13 | 26.61 ± 3.35 | <0.001 |
| SFA (g/day) | 18.20 ± 3.92 | 18.80 ± 4.44 | 19.15 ± 6.09 | 0.43 | 20.02 ± 4.59 | 18.26 ± 5.19 | 17.78 ± 4.70 | 0.006 | 21.63 ± 5.20 | 18.80 ± 4.09 | 15.82 ± 3.44 | <0.001 |
| MUFA (g/day) | 25.11 ± 3.07 | 27.03 ± 4.56 | 28.08 ± 5.86 | <0.001 | 27.33 ± 4.40 | 26.64 ± 5.31 | 26.21 ± 4.61 | 0.29 | 29.55 ± 5.85 | 26.46 ± 3.69 | 24.29 ± 2.67 | <0.001 |
| PUFA (g/day) | 17.52 ± 2.98 | 18.89 ± 3.71 | 20.47 ± 3.67 | <0.001 | 19.33 ± 3.84 | 19.11 ± 3.52 | 26.21 ± 4.61 | 0.23 | 20.74 ± 4.16 | 18.58 ± 3.38 | 17.61 ± 2.59 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin A (RAE/day) | 464.05 ± 265.35 | 481.53 ± 255.65 | 508.93 ± 293.57 | 0.54 | 432.59 ± 207.29 | 461.34 ± 178.98 | 566.18 ± 377.31 | 0.003 | 677.67 ± 337.66 | 452.03 ± 156.62 | 328.66 ± 140.59 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) | 20.87 ± 4.09 | 21.77 ± 4.33 | 23.63 ± 4.73 | <0.001 | 21.75 ± 4.77 | 22.62 ± 4.00 | 21.94 ± 4.78 | 0.40 | 23.31 ± 5.09 | 21.50 ± 4.10 | 21.47 ± 4.13 | 0.009 |
| Vitamin K (μg/day) | 123.60 ± 74.79 | 123.50 ± 70.15 | 142.60 ± 80.40 | 0.15 | 113.53 ± 57.30 | 123.45 ± 54.06 | 154.70 ± 102.02 | 0.001 | 169.72 ± 89.67 | 126.14 ± 63.24 | 95.18 ± 48.59 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/day) | 1.64 ± 0.36 | 1.70 ± 0.31 | 1.73 ± 0.39 | 0.19 | 1.64 ± 0.30 | 1.67 ± 0.33 | 1.76 ± 0.42 | 0.05 | 1.98 ± 0.37 | 1.66 ± 0.23 | 1.43 ± 0.17 | <0.001 |
| Folate (μg/day) | 427.99 ± 71.79 | 465.38 ± 69.25 | 498.01 ± 83.92 | <0.001 | 474.71 ± 79.41 | 457.38 ± 79.04 | 458.95 ± 82.66 | 0.28 | 500.72 ± 88.87 | 456.18 ± 61.03 | 435.35 ± 74.33 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/day) | 2.88 ± 1.08 | 2.98 ± 1.43 | 2.79 ± 1.69 | 0.68 | 3.14 ± 1.37 | 2.95 ± 1.59 | 2.55 ± 1.24 | 0.02 | 3.61 ± 1.62 | 3.05 ± 1.15 | 2.04 ± 0.95 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 137.52 ± 66.41 | 137.98 ± 68.13 | 153.21 ± 75.41 | 0.24 | 118.37 ± 62.76 | 142.88 ± 57.01 | 169.80 ± 80.55 | <0.001 | 196.23 ± 76.98 | 135.91 ± 47.24 | 97.99 ± 41.05 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D (μg/day) | 1.09 ± 0.80 | 0.78 ± 0.74 | 0.60 ± 0.59 | <0.001 | 0.93 ± 0.79 | 0.78 ± 0.76 | 0.72 ± 0.63 | 0.203 | 1.08 ± 0.79 | 1.00 ± 0.80 | 0.41 ± 0.36 | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mg/day) | 3499.82 ± 412.96 | 3664.86 ± 525.91 | 3888.30 ± 579.82 | <0.001 | 3863.37 ± 564.62 | 3599.56 ± 509.74 | 3581.28 ± 477.37 | <0.001 | 3815.11 ± 595.41 | 3598.98 ± 441.12 | 3638.57 ± 530.06 | 0.01 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 511.09 ± 275.79 | 490.20 ± 251.98 | 466.16 ± 360.78 | 0.61 | 475.28 ± 253.04 | 458.98 ± 299.20 | 535.12 ± 342.90 | 0.21 | 705.79 ± 301.86 | 501.55 ± 243.30 | 268.05 ± 153.57 | <0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 390.43 ± 71.38 | 418.62 ± 61.09 | 439.97 ± 80.52 | <0.001 | 403.94 ± 73.10 | 410.13 ± 70.96 | 436.41 ± 75.37 | 0.009 | 473.77 ± 67.50 | 418.10 ± 60.50 | 359.38 ± 41.41 | <0.001 |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | 2953.33 ± 742.80 | 3200.72 ± 759.01 | 3297 ± 924.99 | 0.036 | 3008.40 ± 721.25 | 3042.03 ± 751.09 | 3417.48 ± 931.17 | 0.003 | 3809 ± 798.74 | 3181.24 ± 645.23 | 2523.86 ± 398.38 | <0.001 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 13.99 ± 1.89 | 15.31 ± 1.70 | 16.18 ± 2.229 | <0.001 | 15.34 ± 2.21 | 14.94 ± 2.19 | 15.21 ± 2.12 | 0.46 | 16.36 ± 2.48 | 15.07 ± 1.69 | 14.10 ± 1.59 | <0.001 |
| Selenium (μ/day) | 116.65 ± 16.60 | 123.02 ± 16.38 | 129.83 ± 18.30 | <0.001 | 125.38 ± 17.69 | 121.42 ± 18.63 | 122.69 ± 17.39 | 0.32 | 129.65 ± 20.68 | 124.03 ± 16.63 | 116.20 ± 13.25 | <0.001 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 10.46 ± 2.05 | 11.22 ± 2.19 | 11.35 ± 2.58 | 0.02 | 11.27 ± 2.48 | 10.77 ± 2.17 | 10.99 ± 2.26 | 0.34 | 12.48 ± 2.14 | 11.26 ± 2.07 | 9.36 ± 1.50 | <0.001 |
| Copper (mg/day) | 1.45 ± 0.24 | 1.60 ± 0.25 | 1.68 ± 0.30 | <0.001 | 1.57 ± 0.29 | 1.57 ± 0.30 | 1.59 ± 0.25 | 0.91 | 1.77 ± 0.27 | 1.58 ± 0.24 | 1.38 ± 0.18 | <0.001 |
PDI, plant-based diet index; hPDI, healthy plant-based diet index; uPDI, unhealthy plant-based diet index; SFA, saturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; RAE, retinol activity equivalents.
Values are presented as mean ± SD.
Using one-way ANOVA. Significant p-values are indicated in bold.