Table 1.

The biological function of exosome in the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma

Exosomal target	Parent cell	Target cell	Mechanism	Biological function	Ref.
Proliferation and Metastasis
miR-208	BMSCs	Osteosarcoma cells	PDCD4/ERK1/2	Increase the viability, migration, and clonogenicity of OS	[95]
miR-206	BMSCs	Osteosarcoma cells	TRA2B	Promote OS cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induce cell apoptosis	[96]
MALAT1	BMSCs	Osteosarcoma cells	MALAT1/miR-143/NRSN2/Wnt/β-catenin	Promote OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	[52]
PVT1	BMSCs	Osteosarcoma cells	PVT1/miR-183–5p/ERG	Promote OS growth and metastasis	[51]
ATG5	BMSCs	Osteosarcoma cells	/	Promote OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	[97]
COLGALT2	ADSCs	Osteosarcoma cells	/	Promote OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	[98]
Linc00852	high AXL expression Osteosarcoma cells	low AXL expression Osteosarcoma cells	Linc00852/miR-7–5p/AXL	Promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion	[99]
LCP1	BMSCs	Osteosarcoma cells	miR-135a-5p/LCP1/JAK2/STAT3	Induce the proliferation andmetastasis of OS cells	[54]
Hic-5	MG-63	MG-63 and HOS cells	Hic-5/smad4-TCF/LEF -Wnt/β-catenin	Promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis	[55]
miR-1307	Osteosarcoma cells	Osteosarcoma cells	AGAP1	Promote OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	[56]
miR-15a	Serum-derived exosome	Osteosarcoma cells	miR-15a/p5/GATA2/MDM2	Promote OS cell proliferation and invasion	[100]
miR-769–5p	BMSCs	Clinical specimens	DUSP16/JNK/p38 MAPK	promotes OS proliferation and metastasis	[101]
SHNG17	CAFs\NFs	HOS cells	miR-2861	promotes OS proliferation and metastasis	[102]
miR-143	/	Osteosarcoma cells	/	Inhibit cell invasion	[59]
miR-675	Osteosarcoma cells	hFOB1.19	CALN1	Promote cell migration and invasion	[25]
Rab22a-NeoF1 /PYK2	PYK2-positive osteosarcoma cells	macrophages	RhoA	Facilitate the pre-metastatic niche formation	[62]
miR-1307	Osteosarcoma cells	Osteosarcoma cells	AGAP1	Promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion	[62]
LCP1	BMSCs	Osteosarcoma cells	miR-135a-5p/Nrdp1/JAK2/STAT3	Promotes OS proliferation and metastasis	[54]
LIFR-AS1	Macrophages	Osteosarcoma cells	miR-29a/NFIA	Promote cell proliferation, invasion, and restrain cell apoptosis	[103]
Angiogenesis
miR-25–3p	/	Osteosarcoma cells	DKK3	promoted capillary formation and the invasion of vascular endothelial cells	[42]
EWSAT1	/	Osteosarcoma cells	/	increase in sensitivity/ reactivity of vascular endothelial cells	[104]
OIP5-AS1	Osteosarcoma cells	Osteosarcoma cells	miR-153/ATG5	Increase in the angiogenesis level	[66]
miR-199a-5p	Osteosarcoma cells	HUVECs	VEGFA	Inhibiting the growth and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma	[105]
miR-148a-3p and miR-21–5p	Osteosarcoma cells	Raw264.7 and Huvec cells	/	Influence osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption and tumor angiogenesis	[69]
Immunosuppressive
miR-148a-3p and miR-21–5p	Osteosarcoma cells	Raw264.7 and Huvec cells	/	Influence osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption and tumor angiogenesis	[69]
Tim-3	MG63	Macrophages	/	Induce M2 type differentiation of macrophages	[106]