Table 6. Association between CV and other conditions (n = 8 studies).

Publication	Location	Number of women	Study type	Exposure/outcome	Selection bias	Information bias	Confounder bias	Results
Pregnancy
Akgun 2012 [15] (abstract)	Turkey	4672	retrospective cohort	CV/infertility	Low	High	High	In women with CV, 32.9% women were infertile; in women without CV, 5.58% were infertile (P < .05).
Rocchetti 2011 [55]	Brazil	405	cross-sectional analytical	vaginal flora/group B strep colonization	Low	Moderate	Low	In women with group B strep colonization compared to not having group B strep colonization, the odds of CV was 2.717 (95% CI, 1.075–6.866).
Zidovsky 1963 [74]	Czech Republic	953	retrospective cohort	CV /fetal impairment	Moderate	Moderate	High	In women with CV, 18.0% (95% CI, 12.1%-33.9%) of infants were impaired/died; in women without CV 3.9% (95% CI, 2.7%-5.9%) of infants were impaired or died.
Dysplasia
Nasiell 1972 [49]	Sweden	440	cross-sectional analytical	CV/cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer	Low	Moderate	High	In women with invasive carcinoma, 4% had CV compared to 12% in women with carcinoma in situ; 9% in women with dysplasia; and 19% in controls. (No statistical tests were done on these figures.)
Silva 2014 [61]	Brazil	3390	retrospective cohort	CV/HPV and cervical intraepithelial lesions	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Prevalence of CV among women with low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) or lesions of undetermined significance that evolved to high-grade intra-epithelial lesion (HSIL) was 3.7% (15/409), compared to a prevalence of 5.8% (175/2981) in women with lesions that did not evolve into HSIL. The study indicates that statistical testing was done but did not provide this information.
Vieira-Baptista 2017 [65] (abstract)	Portugal	1022	cross-sectional analytical	CV/HPV infection and cervical dysplasia	Low	Low	High	In women with an abnormal Pap result compared to women with a normal Pap result, the prevalence of CV was 3.5% vs 2.6%, P = .4. In women with HR-HPV positive compared to women HR-HPV negative, the prevalence of CV was 2.7% vs 3.5%, P = 0.5. In women with a cervical biopsy with high-grade lesions compared to low-grade lesions, the prevalence of CV was 4.2% vs 1.8%, P = .3.
Other
Moghaddam 2009 [47]	Iran	415	case control	lactobacillus flora/vaginal candidiasis	High	High	High	In women with candidiasis, 9% had findings of CV compared to 25% in women without candidiasis (chi-squared test appears to have been used to analyze the results between the three types of flora and P reported as < .0001. However, we recalculated and P should be < .001).
Vieira-Baptista 2017 [64] (abstract)	Portugal	291	case control	vaginal flora/vulvodynia	Low	Low	Moderate	In women with vulvodynia compared to women without vulvodynia, the odds of CV are 4.593 (95% CI, 1.890–11.160).