Fig 2. The JUUL e-liquid and its individual components induce cellular death.
The percentage of cells staining positive for TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling) were assessed with dilutions from 1 x 10−5 to 1% (n = 3). DNase was used as a positive control. The percentage of apoptosis for all dilutions of each e-liquid were compared to control (* indicates p<0.05, ** indicates p<0.01, and *** indicates p<0.005). Additionally, a dose-dependent nonparametric trend test was performed for each e-liquid type (indicated by horizontal line p-value). Data are plotted as mean and SEM.