Table 2.
Strategies and interventions extracted from the systematic review for managing COI of the physician-pharmaceutical industry.
| Strategies and interventions | References | |
|---|---|---|
| Strategies | ||
| 1 | Prohibition of all financial interactions | (2, 7, 16, 29, 33, 41) |
| 2 | Prohibition of financial interactions affecting prescription | (48) |
| 3 | Prohibiting the presence of physicians with financial COI in pharmaceutical decision-making committees | (21, 43, 46) |
| 4 | Distinguishing between administrative and personal gifts | (19, 53) |
| 5 | Prohibition of non-service gifts | (54) |
| 6 | Acceptance of some gifts that are for the benefit of the patient | (2, 8, 48, 53) |
| 7 | Organizing pharmaceutical representatives and developing a code of ethics for them | (48) |
| 8 | Developing guidelines for the physicians-pharmaceutical representatives' interaction | (55) |
| 9 | Restrictive government regulations | (5, 19) |
| 10 | Establishing a COI committee at the hospital level | (43) |
| 11 | Physician-industry financial interaction through a hospital or academic center | (47) |
| 12 | Strengthening regulatory structures and independence from the industry | (16) |
| 13 | Voluntary codes of conduct of pharmaceutical companies | (53) |
| 14 | Transparency and openness of physician-pharmaceutical industry interactions | (54) |
| 15 | Physicians' self-regulation | (7, 8, 24, 51) |
| 16 | National disclosure system of physician-industry relations | (10) |
| 17 | Compilation and strengthening of codes, guidelines, and ethical guidelines for physician-industry interactions | (2, 5, 37, 42, 48) |
| 18 | Clear and transparent procedures regarding accepting and disclosing gifts, sponsoring travel, and continuing education | (54) |
| Interventions | ||
| 1 | Prohibition of gifts, payment for lectures, travel, and direct financial support of continuing education programs | (7, 8, 16, 21, 24, 30, 48) |
| 2 | Prohibition of cash payments above a certain threshold | (5, 17, 33, 53) |
| 3 | Prohibition of receiving drug samples | (21, 31, 38, 44) |
| 4 | Prohibition of receiving promotional materials | (10, 38, 44) |
| 5 | Prohibition of meeting with pharmaceutical representatives in clinical settings | (16, 31, 44, 46) |
| 6 | Limiting interactions between physicians and pharmaceutical representatives | (10, 18, 24, 38, 39) |
| 7 | Educational programs on the legal and ethical aspects of physician-pharmaceutical industry interactions | (10, 18, 19, 23, 34, 38, 44, 46, 49, 56) |
| 8 | Disclosure letter/ oral disclosure of interactions during admission or patient consultation | (19, 28, 46) |
| 9 | Disclosure of gifts and payments by physicians | (3, 24, 33, 37, 46) |
| 10 | Mandatory public disclosure of the industry | (3, 7, 16, 24, 45) |
| 11 | Public disclosure through voluntary industry self-regulation | (11, 16, 27, 29, 30, 36) |