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. 2023 Jan 27:1–16. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11135-023-01619-6

Table 3.

The results of unit root for FEMALE

Variable: female With constant With constant & trend
PP − 6.393* − 6.728*
DF-GLS − 1.373* − 2.559*

At the *%1, **%5, ***%10 significance level, the null hypothesis is rejected