Table 1.

Items used to assess for ICD-11 complex PTSD.

ICD-11 symptoms	PCL-5, PHQ-9, and WSAS items capturing CPTSD symptom clusters
Re-experiencing	PCL-2: Repeated, disturbing dreams of the stressful experience?
	PCL-3: Suddenly feeling or acting as if the stressful experience were actually happening again (as if you were actually back there reliving it)?
Avoidance	PCL-6: Avoiding memories, thoughts, or feelings related to the stressful experience?
	PCL-7: Avoiding external reminders of the stressful experience (e.g., people, places, conversations, activities, objects, or situations)?
Hyperarousal	PCL-17: Being “superalert” or watchful or on guard?
	PCL-18: Feeling jumpy or easily startled?
Affect dysregulation	PCL-14: Trouble experiencing positive feelings (e.g., being unable to feel happiness or have loving feelings for people close to you)?
	PCL-15: Irritable behavior, angry outbursts, or acting aggressively?
Negative self-perception	PCL-10: Blaming yourself or someone else for the stressful experience or what happened after it?
	PHQ-6: Feeling bad about yourself or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down
Interpersonal problems	PCL-13: Distant and cut-off from people
	WSAS-5: Because of my [problem], my ability to form and maintain close relationships with others, including those I live with, is impaired.

Note. A score of >2 was required for a symptom to be considered endorsed for the PCL-5 and PHQ-9, and a score of >4 for the WSAS.

Abbreviations: CPTSD, complex post-traumatic stress disorder; ICD-11, International Classification of Diseases; PCL, Post-traumatic Checklist; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; WSAS, Work and Social Adjustment Scale.