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. 2023 Jan 13;13:1042657. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1042657

TABLE 3.

Total mean scores at dimensions of the family problem questionnaire (FPQ) according to gender, family roles, and location (higher scores indicate higher burden and worse evaluation).

Objective burden Subjective burden Support received from professionals Support received from relatives and friends Positive attitudes Negative attitudes
Gender
Women 1.77 (0.60) 2.00 (0.54) 1.83 (0.56) 2.62 (0.61) 1.63 (1.49) 1.68 (1.10)
Men 1.61 (0.57) 1.73 (0.53) 1.75 (0.47) 2.45 (0.67) 1.46 (1.50) 2.01 (1.48)
t-test: −2.825; p = 0.005
Roles
Parents 1.72 (0.62) 1.93 (0.58) 1.80 (0.51) 2.59 (0.66) 1.56 (1.49) 1.69 (1.17)
Siblings 1.66 (0.56) 1.82 (0.47) 1.92 (0.60) 2.58 (0.52) 1.52 (1.27) 2.26 (1.49)
Children 1.83 (0.42) 1.83 (0.30) 1.81 (0.80) 2.66 (0.47) 1.00 (2.00) 1.75 (0.50)
Partner 1.64 (0.60) 1.85 (0.71) 1.53 (0.41) 2.33 (0.61) 2.00 (1.92) 1.93 (1.78)
Geographical area§
Northern Italy 1.59 (0.66) 1.84 (0.45) 1.98 (0.76) 2.90 (0.82) 2.21 (1.42) 2.03 (1.63)
Central Italy 1.75 (0.42) 1.96 (0.49) 1.58 (0.49) 2.33 (0.55)* 1.78 (1.67) 1.39 (0.44)
Southern Italy 1.72 (0.60) 1.90 (0.57) 1.81 (0.50) 2.52 (0.61)* 1.46 (1.46) 1.83 (1.28)

§Caregivers from Central and Southern Italy reported higher levels of support from relatives and friends than caregivers in Northern Italy. *p = 0.05.