TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables of the participants.
| Characteristic | Male | Female IA (n = 2896) | Male control | Female control | Group | Sex |
| IA (n = 2193) | (n = 3114) | (n = 4122) | ||||
| Age | 19.88 ± 2.07 | 19.61 ± 1.15 | 19.93 ± 1.99 | 19.66 ± 1.09 | F = 2.21 | F = 3.62 |
| p = 0.137 | p = 0.057 | |||||
| BMI | 21.31 ± 3.74 | 20.73 ± 5.29 | 21.43 ± 3.61 | 20.55 ± 5.17 | F = 0.27 | F = 120.31 |
| p = 0.601 | p < 0.001*** | |||||
| Grade | – | – | – | – | χ2 = 21.65 | χ2 = 56.39 |
| p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | |||||
| 1 | 426 (19.4%) | 543 (18.7%) | 544 (17.5%) | 687 (16.7%) | – | – |
| 2 | 978 (44.6%) | 1,441 (49.7%) | 1,307 (42.0%) | 2,023 (49.1%) | – | – |
| 3 | 782 (35.7%) | 909 (31.4%) | 1,257 (40.4%) | 1,410 (34.2%) | – | – |
| 4 | 7(0.3%) | 4(0.1%) | 6(0.2%) | 2(0) | – | – |
| Physical activity (times/week) | 2.19 ± 1.97 | 1.76 ± 1.82 | 2.78 ± 2.18 | 2.02 ± 1.89 | F = 64.22 | F = 150.95 |
| p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | |||||
| Household | – | – | – | – | χ2 = 37.63 | χ2 = 126.82 |
| p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | |||||
| Country | 1,015 (46.3%) | 1,523 (52.6%) | 1,148 (36.9%) | 2,055 (49.9%) | – | – |
| City | 1,178 (53.7%) | 1,374 (47.4%) | 1,966 (63.1%) | 2,067 (50.1%) | – | – |
| IAT | 49.97 ± 10.85 | 49.48 ± 9.28 | 29.20 ± 6.17 | 30.50 ± 5.53 | F = 941.24 | F = 0.003 |
| p < 0.001*** | p = 0.956 | |||||
| Sleep duration | 6.60 ± 1.44 | 6.76 ± 1.15 | 6.96 ± 1.41 | 6.98 ± 1.14 | F = 47.58 | F = 51.82 |
| p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | |||||
| CTQ | 55.81 ± 11.69 | 56.32 ± 8.45 | 53.62 ± 10.86 | 55.18 ± 8.48 | F = 3.46 | F = 244.80 |
| p = 0.063 | p < 0.001*** | |||||
| EA | 7.58 ± 3.14 | 7.77 ± 3.08 | 6.03 ± 1.94 | 6.35 ± 2.15 | F = 833.62 | F = 0.38 |
| p < 0.001*** | p = 0.537 | |||||
| PA | 6.66 ± 2.94 | 5.92 ± 2.07 | 5.59 ± 1.68 | 5.42 ± 1.38 | F = 876.37 | F = 285.88 |
| p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | |||||
| SA | 6.02 ± 2.66 | 5.46 ± 1.51 | 5.23 ± 1.12 | 5.15 ± 0.85 | F = 1044.94 | F = 320.23 |
| p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | |||||
| EN | 17.02 ± 5.50 | 18.07 ± 5.11 | 18.44 ± 6.11 | 19.28 ± 5.25 | F = 11.60 | F = 118.50 |
| p < 0.001*** | p < 0.001*** | |||||
| PN | 11.54 ± 2.96 | 11.77 ± 2.39 | 11.19 ± 2.94 | 11.60 ± 4.40 | F = 3.12 | F = 230.04 |
| p = 0.077 | p < 0.001*** |
Values are mean ± SD or the actual number (percentage%), IAT, Internet addiction test; CTQ, childhood trauma questionnaire; EA, emotional abuse; PA, physical abuse; SA, sexual abuse; EN, emotional neglect; PN, physical neglect.
***Indicate significance at p < 0.001.